Mosquitoes, Lymphatic Filariasis, and Public Health: A Systematic Review of Anopheles and Aedes Surveillance Strategies

Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) affects over 120 million people in 72 countries, with sub-periodic filariasis common in the Pacific. has three physiological races, each with a unique microfilarial periodicity, and each race is isolated to a specific geographical region. Sub-periodic . is transmitted by va...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pathogens (Basel) 2023-11, Vol.12 (12), p.1406
Main Authors: Bhuvaneswari, Arumugam, Shriram, Ananganallur Nagarajan, Raju, Kishan Hari K, Kumar, Ashwani
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aedes
Aedes spp
Anopheles
Aquatic insects
Biting behavior
Collection
Culicidae
Ecology
Epidemiology
Filariasis
Infections
Light traps
Lymphatic Filariasis
Malaria
mosquito sampling methods
Mosquitoes
Parasites
Periodicity
Physiology
Populations
Public health
R&D
Research & development
Reviews
Rural areas
Saline water
Sampling
Sampling techniques
sub-periodic filariasis
Surveillance
Systematic review
Trapping
Tropical diseases
Vector-borne diseases
Vectors
W. bancrofti
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) affects over 120 million people in 72 countries, with sub-periodic filariasis common in the Pacific. has three physiological races, each with a unique microfilarial periodicity, and each race is isolated to a specific geographical region. Sub-periodic . is transmitted by various mosquito species, with and being the primary vectors in Samoa. The and groups are also important vectors in the South Pacific Islands. Anopheles species are important vectors of filariasis in rural areas of Asia and Africa. The complex, , and the group are the most important vectors of . . These vectors exhibit indoor nocturnal biting behaviour and breed in a variety of habitats, including freshwater, saltwater, and temporary water bodies. Effective vector surveillance is central to LF control and elimination programs. However, the traditional Human Landing Collection (HLC) method, while valuable, poses ethical concerns and risks to collectors. Therefore, this review critically analyses alternative trapping tools for and vectors in LF-endemic regions. We looked at 14 research publications that discussed vector trapping methods. Pyrethrum Spray Catches (PSC), one of the seven traps studied for LF vectors, was revealed to be the second most effective strategy after HLC, successfully catching vectors in Nigeria, Ghana, Togo, and Burkina Faso. The PSC method has several drawbacks, such as the likelihood of overlooking exophilic mosquitoes or underestimating populations. However, exit traps offered hope for capturing exophilic mosquitoes. populations could also be sampled using the Anopheles Gravid Trap (AGT). In contrast, the effectiveness of the Double Net Traps (DNT) and the CDC Light Trap (CDC LT) varied. Gravid mosquito traps like the OviArt Gravid Trap (AGT) were shown to be useful tools for identifying endophilic and exophilic vectors during the exploration of novel collection techniques. The Stealth trap (ST) was suggested for sampling mosquitoes, although specimen damage may make it difficult to identify the species. Although it needs more confirmation, the Ifakara Tent Trap C design (ITT-C) showed potential for outdoor mosquito sampling in Tanzania. Furvela tent traps successfully captured a variety of species and are appropriate for use in a variety of eco-epidemiological settings. By contrast, for LF vectors, no specific sampling tool was identified for , necessitating further research and development. However, traps like the Duplex cone trap, Resti
ISSN:2076-0817
2076-0817
DOI:10.3390/pathogens12121406