Response of Thymus lotocephalus In Vitro Cultures to Drought Stress and Role of Green Extracts in Cosmetics

The impact of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) on morphological, physiological, (bio)chemical, and biological characteristics of Thymus lotocephalus López and Morales shoot cultures have been investigated, as well as the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles, salicylic acid, and m...

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Published in:Antioxidants 2022-07, Vol.11 (8), p.1475
Main Authors: Mansinhos, Inês, Gonçalves, Sandra, Rodríguez-Solana, Raquel, Duarte, Hugo, Ordóñez-Díaz, José Luis, Moreno-Rojas, José Manuel, Romano, Anabela
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
abiotic stress
Antioxidants
aromatic plant
Biosynthesis
Climate change
Cosmetics
Drought
Flowers & plants
Fourier analysis
green extract
Hydrogen peroxide
Iron oxides
Methyl jasmonate
Nanoparticles
Oxidative stress
Phenolic acids
phenolics
Phytochemicals
Polyethylene glycol
Rosmarinic acid
Salicylic acid
Thymus
tyrosinase inhibition
Ultraviolet radiation
UV protecting extracts
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Summary:The impact of drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) on morphological, physiological, (bio)chemical, and biological characteristics of Thymus lotocephalus López and Morales shoot cultures have been investigated, as well as the potential of iron oxide nanoparticles, salicylic acid, and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as alleviating drought stress agents. Results showed that PEG caused oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, raising H2O2 levels and reducing shoots’ growth, photosynthetic pigment contents, and phenolic compounds production, especially phenolic acids, including the major compound rosmarinic acid. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra analysis revealed that PEG treatment caused changes in shoots’ composition, enhancing terpenoids biosynthesis. PEG also decreased the biological activities (antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and photoprotective) of the eco-friendly extracts obtained with a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent. MeJA was the most efficient agent in protecting cells from oxidative damage caused by drought, by improving the biosynthesis of phenolics, like methyl 6-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside and salvianolic acids, as well as improving the extracts’ antioxidant activity. Altogether, the obtained results demonstrated a negative impact of PEG on T. lotocephalus shoots and an effective role of MeJA as a mitigating agent of drought stress. Additionally, extracts showed a good potential to be used in the cosmetics industry as skincare products.
ISSN:2076-3921
2076-3921
DOI:10.3390/antiox11081475