Evaluation of in vitro biocompatibility of human pulp stem cells with allogeneic, alloplastic, and xenogeneic grafts under the influence of extracellular vesicles

• Published in: Scientific reports 2023-08, Vol.13 (1), p.12475-12475, Article 12475
• Main Authors: Heitzer, Marius, Zhao, Qun, Greven, Johannes, Winnand, Philipp, Zhang, Xing, Bläsius, Felix Marius, Buhl, Eva Miriam, Wolf, Michael, Neuss, Sabine, Hildebrand, Frank, Hölzle, Frank, Modabber, Ali
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 692/308; 692/308/2171; Alkaline phosphatase; Allografts; Alveolar bone; Biocompatibility; Bone grafts; Bone Substitutes; Calcein; Cell adhesion; Cell culture; Cell Differentiation; Cell morphology; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Confocal microscopy; Cytology; Dental Pulp; Extracellular Vesicles; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Microscopy; multidisciplinary; Osteogenesis; Scanning electron microscopy; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Skin & tissue grafts; Stem cells; Teeth; Tissue engineering; Xenografts
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39410-0

Therapies using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) or stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown promising applications for bone tissue engineering. This in vitro experiment evaluated the joint osteogenic capability of DPSCs and EVs on alloplastic (maxresorp), allogeneic (maxgraft), and xenogeneic (cerabone) bone grafts. We hypothesize that osteogenic differentiation and the proliferation of human DPSCs vary between bone grafts and are favorable under the influence of EVs. DPSCs were obtained from human wisdom teeth, and EVs derived from DPSCs were isolated from cell culture medium. DPSCs were seeded on alloplastic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic bone graft substitutes for control, and the same scaffolds were administered with EVs in further groups. The cellular uptake of EVs into DPSC cells was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell vitality staining and calcein acetoxymethyl ester staining were used to evaluate cell attachment and proliferation. Cell morphology was determined using scanning electron microscopy, and osteogenic differentiation was explored by alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin red staining. Within the limitations of an in vitro study without pathologies, the results suggest that especially the use of xenogeneic bone graft substitutes with DPSCS and EVs may represent a promising treatment approach for alveolar bone defects.