Development of the Biomethane Market in Europe

The challenges related to climate policy and the energy crisis caused the search for alternative ways of obtaining energy, one of the essential tasks faced by scientists and political decision-makers. Recently, much attention has been paid to biomethane, which is perceived as a substitute for natura...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energies (Basel) 2023-02, Vol.16 (4), p.2001
Main Authors: Sulewski, Piotr, Ignaciuk, Wiktor, Szymańska, Magdalena, Wąs, Adam
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air quality management
Alternative energy sources
Analysis
Biogas
Biomass energy
biomethane
Carbon dioxide
Climate policy
Cogeneration
Composition
Economic incentives
Electric power production
Emissions
Energy
Energy consumption
Energy policy
Environmental aspects
Greenhouse gases
methanation
Methane
Natural gas
Production costs
renewable energy
Security
Support systems
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Summary:The challenges related to climate policy and the energy crisis caused the search for alternative ways of obtaining energy, one of the essential tasks faced by scientists and political decision-makers. Recently, much attention has been paid to biomethane, which is perceived as a substitute for natural gas. Compared to the traditional combustion of biogas in cogeneration units (CHP), upgrading it to the form of biomethane can bring both environmental benefits (reduction in GHG emissions) and economic benefits (higher efficiency of energy use contained in biomass). The purpose of this review was a comprehensive assessment of the conditions and opportunities for developing the biomethane sector in the EU in the face of challenges generated by the energy and climate crisis. The article reviews the condition of the biomethane market in the European Union, focusing on such issues as biomethane production technologies, current and future supply and demand for biomethane, and biomethane production costs with particular emphasis on upgrading processes and financial support systems used in the EU countries. The review showed that the market situation in biomethane production has recently begun to change rapidly. However, the share of biomethane in meeting the needs for natural gas remains small. Moreover, the available expert studies indicate a significant development potential, which is desirable because of the need to increase energy security and environmental and economic reasons. However, this will require organizing the legal environment and creating a transparent system of incentives.
ISSN:1996-1073
1996-1073
DOI:10.3390/en16042001