Assessment and Management of HIV-Associated Cognitive Impairment: Experience from a Multidisciplinary Memory Service for People Living with HIV

• Published in: Brain sciences 2019-02, Vol.9 (2), p.37
• Main Authors: Alford, Kate, Banerjee, Sube, Nixon, Eileen, O'Brien, Clara, Pounds, Olivia, Butler, Andrew, Elphick, Claire, Henshaw, Phillip, Anderson, Stuart, Vera, Jaime H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; Age; AIDS; Antiretroviral therapy; Apolipoproteins; Clinics; Cognition; Cognitive ability; cognitive impairment; Dementia; Dementia disorders; Disease management; Drug therapy; Executive function; HIV; HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder; Human immunodeficiency virus; Infections; Magnetic resonance imaging; Medical schools; Memory; Mental disorders; Neuroimaging; patient care; Patients; Quality of life; Studies
• ISSN: 2076-3425; 2076-3425
• DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9020037

As the HIV population ages, the prevalence of cognitive impairment (CI) is increasing, yet few services exist for the assessment and management of these individuals. Here we provide an initial description of a memory assessment service for people living with HIV and present data from a service evaluation undertaken in the clinic. We conducted an evaluation of the first 52 patients seen by the clinic. We present patient demographic data, assessment outcomes, diagnoses given and interventions delivered to those seen in the clinic. 41 patients (79%) of those seen in the clinic had objective CI: 16 (31%) met criteria for HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND), 2 (4%) were diagnosed with dementia, 14 (27%) showed CI associated with mental illness and/or drugs/alcohol, 7 (13%) had CI which was attributed to factors other than HIV and in 2 (4%) patients the cause remains unclear. 32 (62%) patients showed some abnormality on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain scans. Patients attending the clinic performed significantly worse than normative scores on all tests of global cognition and executive function. Interventions offered to patients included combination antiretroviral therapy modification, signposting to other services, case management, further health investigations and in-clinic advice. Our experience suggests that the need exists for specialist HIV memory services and that such a model of working can be successfully implemented into HIV patient care. Further work is needed on referral criteria and pathways. Diagnostic processes and treatment offered needs to consider and address the multifactorial aetiology of CI in HIV and this is essential for effective assessment and management.