The early life nutritional environment and early life stress as potential pathways towards the metabolic syndrome in mid-life? A lifecourse analysis using the 1958 British Birth cohort

• Published in: BMC public health 2016-08, Vol.16 (1), p.815-815, Article 815
• Main Authors: Delpierre, C, Fantin, R, Barboza-Solis, C, Lepage, B, Darnaudéry, M, Kelly-Irving, M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adults; Adverse childhood experiences; Age; Body Mass Index; Body size; Body weight; Cardiovascular diseases; Cesarean Section - adverse effects; Child; Children; Cholesterol; Chronic illnesses; Cohort analysis; Cohort studies; Early nutritional exposure; Early psychosocial exposures; Environment; Exposure; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genetics; Health aspects; Households; Humans; Life Change Events; Life Sciences; Life style; Lifecourse; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Mental disorders; Mental Disorders - complications; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - etiology; Metabolic Syndrome - psychology; Middle Aged; Mortality; Mothers; Nutrition; Obesity; Obesity - complications; Overweight; Overweight - complications; Parole & probation; Pregnancy; Product/Service Evaluations; Psychological stress; Public health; Risk; Risk Factors; Social Class; Social epidemiology; Social interactions; Socioeconomic factors; Socioeconomics; Stress; Stress, Psychological - complications; Studies; Triglycerides; Type 2 diabetes; United Kingdom; Variables; Womens health
• ISSN: 1471-2458; 1471-2458
• DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3484-0

Lifecourse studies suggest that the metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be rooted in the early life environment. This study aims to examine the pathways linking early nutritional and psychosocial exposures and the presence of MetS in midlife. Data are from the National Child Development Study including individuals born during 1 week in 1958 in Great Britain and followed-up until now. MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III classification. Mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was used as a proxy of the early nutritional environment and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) as a proxy for early psychosocial stress. Socioeconomic characteristics, pregnancy and birth conditions were extracted as potential confounders. Adult health behaviors, BMI, socioeconomic environment and psychological state were considered as mediating variables. Multivariate models were performed by including variables sequentially taking a lifecourse approach. 37.5 % of men and 19.8 % of women had MetS. Participants with an obese/overweight mother presented a higher risk of MetS than those whose mother had a normal pre-pregnancy BMI. Men exposed to two ACE or more, and women exposed to one ACE, were more at risk of MetS compared to unexposed individuals. After including confounders and mediators, mother's pre-pregnancy BMI was still associated with MetS in midlife but the association was weakened after including participant's adult BMI. ACE was no longer associated with MetS after including confounders in models. The early nutritional environment, represented by mother's pre-pregnancy BMI, was associated with the risk of MetS in midlife. An important mechanism involves a mother-to-child BMI transmission, independent of birth or perinatal conditions, socioeconomic characteristics and health behaviors over the lifecourse. However this mechanism is not sufficient for explaining the influence of mother's pre-pregnancy BMI which implies the need to further explore other mechanisms in particular the role of genetics and early nutritional environment. ACE is not independently associated with MetS. However, other early life stressful events such as emergency caesarean deliveries and poor socioeconomic status during childhood may contribute as determinants of MetS.