GIS-based approach qualitative features of sub-surface water from coastal district in Andhra Pradesh

• Published in: Applied water science 2022-03, Vol.12 (3), p.1-15, Article 45
• Main Authors: Karnena, Manoj Kumar, Konni, Madhavi, Dwarapureddi, Bhavya Kavitha, Satyanarayana, Yalakala, Saritha, Vara
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acceptability; Anions; Aquatic Pollution; Calcium; Calcium chloride; Calcium nitrate; Calcium sulfate; Cations; Coastal waters; Coastal zone; Comparative Law; Consumption; Correlation analysis; Dissolved solids; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Environmental pollution; Fluorides; Geographic information systems; Geographical information systems; Ground water; Groundwater; Groundwater contamination and risk assessment with an application of GIS; Hydrogeology; Industrial and Production Engineering; Information systems; International & Foreign Law; Magnesium; Nanotechnology; Nitrates; Original Article; Physicochemical processes; Physicochemical properties; Potassium; Private International Law; Qualitative analysis; Rain; Rainfall; Remote sensing; Sodium; Surface water; Total dissolved solids; Waste Water Technology; Water analysis; Water Industry/Water Technologies; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Water quality; Water quality index; Water sampling
• ISSN: 2190-5487; 2190-5495
• DOI: 10.1007/s13201-021-01506-1

Quality of water, along Mandal headquarters of a coastal district of Andhra Pradesh, India, was assessed prior to and past rainfall season to determine water's acceptability for consumption using water quality index (WQI). The present work involved collecting groundwater samples from Mandal headquarters' locations present in the entire district. All the samples were analysed in a comprehensive way for ten physicochemical parameters, including pH, magnesium, calcium, chloride, sulphate, nitrates, total dissolved solids, fluoride, potassium, and sodium. The geographical information system was used for mapping sampling sites. The coordinates of sample collection areas were recorded employing GPS. Correlation matrices for cation–anion were illustrated and from the qualitative results of the samples. Results indicate that WQI prior and past-rainfall seasons ranged from 37.53 to 312.46; 42.04 to 211.89 in 2016, while for 2017, these were in the range of 25.01 to 137.06; 30.06 to 228.83. The present study's WQI values indicate that the water samples possess poor quality, and no fluoride contaminations were observed. The analysis suggests appropriate treatment of sub-surface water from the study site before consumption.