The karyotypes and evolution of ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes in the genus Characidium (Characiformes, Crenuchidae)

Available data on cytotaxonomy of the genus Reinhardt, 1867, which contains the greatest number of species in the Characidiinae (Crenuchidae), with 64 species widely distributed throughout the Neotropical region, were summarized and reviewed. Most species have uniform diploid chromosome number (2n)...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Comparative cytogenetics 2018, Vol.12 (3), p.421-438
Main Authors: Pucci, Marcela Baer, Nogaroto, Viviane, Bertollo, Luiz Antonio Carlos, Orlando Moreira-Filho, Vicari, Marcelo Ricardo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Characidium
Chromosome number
Chromosome rearrangements
Chromosomes
Constitution
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Differentiation
DNA
Evolution
Evolutionary Biology
Gene sequencing
Genetics
Genomes
Karyotypes
Macrostructure
Nucleotide sequence
Pisces
Review
Satellite DNA
Sex
Sex chromosomes
Species
W chromosomes
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Summary:Available data on cytotaxonomy of the genus Reinhardt, 1867, which contains the greatest number of species in the Characidiinae (Crenuchidae), with 64 species widely distributed throughout the Neotropical region, were summarized and reviewed. Most species have uniform diploid chromosome number (2n) = 50 and karyotype with 32 metacentric (m) and 18 submetacentric (sm) chromosomes. The maintenance of the 2n and karyotypic formula in implies that their genomes did not experience large chromosomal rearrangements during species diversification. In contrast, the internal chromosomal organization shows a dynamic differentiation among their genomes. Available data indicated the role of repeated DNA sequences in the chromosomal constitution of the species, particularly, in sex chromosome differentiation. Karyotypes of the most species exhibit a heteromorphic ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system. The W chromosome is characterized by high rates of repetitive DNA accumulation, including satellite, microsatellite, and transposable elements (TEs), with a varied degree of diversification among species. In the current review, the main cytogenetic data are presented, highlighting the major features of its karyotype and sex chromosome evolution. Despite the conserved karyotypic macrostructure with prevalent 2n = 50 chromosomes in , herein we grouped the main cytogenetic information which led to chromosomal diversification in this Neotropical fish group.
ISSN:1993-0771
1993-078X
DOI:10.3897/CompCytogen.v12i3.28736