Comparison of 2.4 GHz WiFi FTM- and RSSI-Based Indoor Positioning Methods in Realistic Scenarios

With the addition of the Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) protocol in IEEE 802.11-2016, a promising sensor for smartphone-based indoor positioning systems was introduced. FTM enables a Wi-Fi device to estimate the distance to a second device based on the propagation time of the signal. Recently, FTM ha...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-08, Vol.20 (16), p.4515
Main Authors: Bullmann, Markus, Fetzer, Toni, Ebner, Frank, Ebner, Markus, Deinzer, Frank, Grzegorzek, Marcin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Accuracy
Buildings
Compatible hardware
Error correction
Evaluation
fine timing measurement
Methods
position estimation
Probabilistic methods
Propagation
received signal strength indication
Receivers & amplifiers
sensor fusion
Sensors
Signal strength
smartphone
Smartphones
Wi-Fi
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Summary:With the addition of the Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) protocol in IEEE 802.11-2016, a promising sensor for smartphone-based indoor positioning systems was introduced. FTM enables a Wi-Fi device to estimate the distance to a second device based on the propagation time of the signal. Recently, FTM has gotten more attention from the scientific community as more compatible devices become available. Due to the claimed robustness and accuracy, FTM is a promising addition to the often used Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI). In this work, we evaluate FTM on the 2.4 GHz band with 20 MHz channel bandwidth in the context of realistic indoor positioning scenarios. For this purpose, we deploy a least-squares estimation method, a probabilistic positioning approach and a simplistic particle filter implementation. Each method is evaluated using FTM and RSSI separately to show the difference of the techniques. Our results show that, although FTM achieves smaller positioning errors compared to RSSI, its error behavior is similar to RSSI. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an empirically optimized correction value for FTM is required to account for the environment. This correction value can reduce the positioning error significantly.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s20164515