Efficacy and safety of semaglutide: real-world tertiary care experience from Saudi Arabia

• Published in: Annals of Saudi medicine 2024-11, Vol.44 (6), p.361-368
• Main Authors: Butt, Muhammad Imran, Alkhalifah, Khalid Mania, Riazuddin, Muhammad, Almuammar, Saud Mohammed, Almuammar, Salman Mohammed, Alhifthi, Ghayda Abdulkader, Ahmed, Fahad Wali, Al Hashim, Samia Mohamed, Waheed, Najeeb
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose - drug effects; Blood Pressure - drug effects; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Female; Glucagon-Like Peptides - administration & dosage; Glucagon-Like Peptides - adverse effects; Glucagon-Like Peptides - therapeutic use; Glycated Hemoglobin - drug effects; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents - administration & dosage; Hypoglycemic Agents - adverse effects; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Middle Aged; Original; Retrospective Studies; Saudi Arabia; Tertiary Healthcare; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss - drug effects
• ISSN: 0975-4466; 0256-4947; 0975-4466
• DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2024.361

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1, is an effective antidiabetic drug promoting weight loss and providing cardiovascular protection. The original trials did not include participants from Saudi Arabia; hence, the study's findings are expected to be useful. Explore the efficacy, safety, and favorable effects of once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (1 mg) in patients with type 2 diabetes and those who received it as an off-license prescription without having diabetes. Retrospective review of medical records. Department of medicine at our institution. This retrospective observational study evaluated patients receiving the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog semaglutide, with the trade name Ozempic. The weight, height, body mass index, blood pressure, and laboratory data, including serum creatinine and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and urine albumin/creatinine ratio, were recorded. Moreover, any history of medical comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and heart failure, was documented before and after drug administration. Glycemic and weight loss efficacy. 1007 patients. The median age of the patients was 57.0 years, comprising 60.28% females. Among them, 955 and 442 patients received the medication for at least 3 and 6 months, respectively. Our results show a 4.4% weight loss and 0.4% improvement in HBA1c in patients with diabetes. Similar results were observed in the patients without diabetes in terms of weight along with a significant decrease in diastolic blood pressure. Our results also show stability in the serum creatinine and urine albumin creatinine ratio. The drug was equally effective in males and females. Treatment with once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide (1 mg) led to clinically significant weight loss and improved HbA1c level and cardiometabolic risk factors such as blood pressure. Retrospective design.