The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products and Its Soluble Receptor in Kidney Diseases

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2022-03, Vol.23 (7), p.3439
• Main Authors: Steenbeke, Mieke, Speeckaert, Reinhart, Desmedt, Stéphanie, Glorieux, Griet, Delanghe, Joris R, Speeckaert, Marijn M
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: advanced glycation end products (AGEs); Advanced glycosylation end products; Age; Binding sites; Biomarkers; Body mass index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromatography; Chronic illnesses; chronic kidney disease (CKD); Cytokines; Diabetes; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Glycosylation; Humans; Inflammation; Kidney diseases; Kinases; Ligands; NF-κB protein; Oxidative stress; Proteins; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Review; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Skin; soluble receptor for AGEs (sRAGE); Toxicity; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Uremia
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073439

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more prone to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation, which may lead to an increase in the synthesis of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Because AGEs are mostly removed by healthy kidneys, AGE accumulation is a result of both increased production and decreased kidney clearance. On the other hand, AGEs may potentially hasten decreasing kidney function in CKD patients, and are independently related to all-cause mortality. They are one of the non-traditional risk factors that play a significant role in the underlying processes that lead to excessive cardiovascular disease in CKD patients. When AGEs interact with their cell-bound receptor (RAGE), cell dysfunction is initiated by activating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), increasing the production and release of inflammatory cytokines. Alterations in the AGE-RAGE system have been related to the development of several chronic kidney diseases. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) is a decoy receptor that suppresses membrane-bound RAGE activation and AGE-RAGE-related toxicity. sRAGE, and more specifically, the AGE/sRAGE ratio, may be promising tools for predicting the prognosis of kidney diseases. In the present review, we discuss the potential role of AGEs and sRAGE as biomarkers in different kidney pathologies.