Extracting and Analyzing Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Medicinal Plants: A Review

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are distributed in plant families of , and and serve in the chemical defense mechanism against herbivores. However, they became a matter of concern due to their toxicity associated with the high risk of intake within herbal preparations, e.g., phytopharmaceutical formul...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Toxins 2020-05, Vol.12 (5), p.320
Main Authors: Kopp, Thomas, Abdel-Tawab, Mona, Mizaikoff, Boris
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alkaloids
analytical techniques
Animals
Body weight
Chemical defense
Chromatography
Chromatography, Liquid
Consumer Product Safety
extraction techniques
Herbal medicine
Herbivores
Humans
Investigations
Mass Spectrometry
Medicinal plants
Medicine, Traditional
Methods
Phytotherapy
Plant Preparations - adverse effects
Plant Preparations - isolation & purification
Plant Preparations - standards
Plants
Plants, Medicinal - adverse effects
Plants, Medicinal - chemistry
Plants, Medicinal - classification
Public health
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids - adverse effects
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids - isolation & purification
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids - standards
Quality Control
Review
Reviews
Risk Assessment
Safety
Seeds
Selectivity
Solvents
Standardization
Symphytum
Toxicity
Tussilago
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Summary:Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are distributed in plant families of , and and serve in the chemical defense mechanism against herbivores. However, they became a matter of concern due to their toxicity associated with the high risk of intake within herbal preparations, e.g., phytopharmaceutical formulations, medicinal teas, or other plant-derived drug products. In 1992, the German Federal Ministry of Health established the first limits of PA content for fourteen medicinal plants. Because of the toxic effects of PAs, the Federal Institute of Risk Assessment (BfR) established more stringent limits in 2011, whereby a daily intake
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins12050320