Advancing diabetes treatment: the role of mesenchymal stem cells in islet transplantation

Diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health challenge, significantly impacts societal and economic well-being. Islet transplantation is increasingly recognized as a viable treatment for type 1 diabetes that aims to restore endogenous insulin production and mitigate complications associated with exo...

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Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2024-03, Vol.15, p.1389134-1389134
Main Authors: Mou, Lisha, Wang, Tony Bowei, Wang, Xinyu, Pu, Zuhui
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Artificial Intelligence
diabetes
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - therapy
Immunology
immunomodulation
Insulin
islet transplantation
islets
Islets of Langerhans
Islets of Langerhans Transplantation - methods
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation - methods
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
MSC
single-cell RNA sequencing
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Summary:Diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health challenge, significantly impacts societal and economic well-being. Islet transplantation is increasingly recognized as a viable treatment for type 1 diabetes that aims to restore endogenous insulin production and mitigate complications associated with exogenous insulin dependence. We review the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in enhancing the efficacy of islet transplantation. MSCs, characterized by their immunomodulatory properties and differentiation potential, are increasingly seen as valuable in enhancing islet graft survival, reducing immune-mediated rejection, and supporting angiogenesis and tissue repair. The utilization of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles further exemplifies innovative approaches to improve transplantation outcomes. However, challenges such as MSC heterogeneity and the optimization of therapeutic applications persist. Advanced methodologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), are highlighted as potential technologies for addressing these challenges, potentially steering MSC therapy toward more effective, personalized treatment modalities for diabetes. This review revealed that MSCs are important for advancing diabetes treatment strategies, particularly through islet transplantation. This highlights the importance of MSCs in the field of regenerative medicine, acknowledging both their potential and the challenges that must be navigated to fully realize their therapeutic promise.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1389134