MRI analysis and clinical significance of lower extremity muscle cross-sectional area after spinal cord injury

Shortly after spinal cord injury（SCI）, the musculoskeletal system undergoes detrimental changes in size and composition, predominantly below the level of injury. The loss of muscle size and strength, along with increased immobility, predisposes persons with SCI to rapid and severe loss in bone miner...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neural regeneration research 2017-05, Vol.12 (5), p.714-722
Main Authors: Lester, Robert M, Johnson, Kori, Khalil, Refka E, Khan, Rehan, Gorgey, Ashraf S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Boundaries
Clinical significance
Invited Review
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical examination
Metabolism
Musculoskeletal physiology
Musculoskeletal system
Physiological aspects
Spinal cord injuries
spinal cord injury
magnetic resonance imaging
pressure ulcers
venous thromboembolism
cardiovascular disease
bone health
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Summary:Shortly after spinal cord injury（SCI）, the musculoskeletal system undergoes detrimental changes in size and composition, predominantly below the level of injury. The loss of muscle size and strength, along with increased immobility, predisposes persons with SCI to rapid and severe loss in bone mineral density and other health related consequences. Previous studies have highlighted the significance of measuring thigh muscle cross-sectional area, however, measuring the size and composition of muscles of the lower leg may provide insights on how to decrease the risk of various comorbidities. The purpose of the current review was to summarize the methodological approach to manually trace and measure the muscles of the lower leg in individuals with SCI, using magnetic resonance imaging. We also intend to highlight the significance of analyzing lower leg muscle cross-sectional area and its relationship to musculoskeletal and vascular systems in persons with SCI.
ISSN:1673-5374
1876-7958
DOI:10.4103/1673-5374.206634