Modulation of the Inflammatory Response in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)-Searching for Epigenetic Factors

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Despite its incidence, the syndrome is poorly understood and remains underdiagnosed, and female patients are diagnosed with a delay. The heterogenous nature of this complex disorder results from the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-11, Vol.23 (23), p.14663
Main Authors: Szukiewicz, Dariusz, Trojanowski, Seweryn, Kociszewska, Anna, Szewczyk, Grzegorz
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acetylation
Acne
Age
Alzheimer's disease
Androgens
Anovulation
Atherosclerosis
Blood
Body mass index
Cytokines
Diabetes
DNA methylation
Endocrine disorders
epigenetic factors
Epigenetics
Female
Gene expression
Hirsutism
Hirsutism - complications
Histones
Humans
Hyperinsulinemia
Hyperinsulinism - complications
Inflammation
Inflammatory response
Insulin resistance
Menstruation
Mental disorders
Metabolism
mitochondrial dysfunction
Obesity
Ovaries
Oxidative stress
Pathogenesis
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome - complications
Proteins
Reactive oxygen species
Review
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
Womens health
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Summary:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Despite its incidence, the syndrome is poorly understood and remains underdiagnosed, and female patients are diagnosed with a delay. The heterogenous nature of this complex disorder results from the combined occurrence of genetic, environmental, endocrine, and behavioral factors. Primary clinical manifestations of PCOS are derived from the excess of androgens (anovulation, polycystic ovary morphology, lack of or scanty, irregular menstrual periods, acne and hirsutism), whereas the secondary manifestations include multiple metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychological disorders. Dietary and lifestyle factors play important roles in the development and course of PCOS, which suggests strong epigenetic and environmental influences. Many studies have shown a strong association between PCOS and chronic, low-grade inflammation both in the ovarian tissue and throughout the body. In the vast majority of PCOS patients, elevated values of inflammatory markers or their gene markers have been reported. Development of the vicious cycle of the chronic inflammatory state in PCOS is additionally stimulated by hyperinsulinemia and obesity. Changes in DNA methylation, histone acetylation and noncoding RNA levels are presented in this review in the context of oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory signaling in PCOS. Epigenetic modulation of androgenic activity in response to inflammatory signaling is also discussed.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms232314663