Biological Scaffolds for Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most predominant birth defect and can require several invasive surgeries throughout childhood. The absence of materials with growth and remodelling potential is a limitation of currently used prosthetics in cardiovascular surgery, as well as their susceptibility...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bioengineering (Basel) 2023-01, Vol.10 (1), p.57
Main Authors: Harris, Amy G, Salih, Tasneem, Ghorbel, Mohamed T, Caputo, Massimo, Biglino, Giovanni, Carrabba, Michele
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antibodies
Antigens
Bioengineering
Biomedical materials
Calcification
Cardiology
Cardiovascular disease
Children
Congenital defects
Congenital diseases
congenital heart disease
fixation
grow
Growth factors
Heart
Heart diseases
Heparan sulfate
Implantation
Intervention
Mechanical properties
Mutation
Patients
Pediatrics
Prostheses
Prosthetics
Regenerative medicine
Review
Scaffolds
Surgery
Tissue engineering
Xenografts
Xenotransplantation
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Summary:Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most predominant birth defect and can require several invasive surgeries throughout childhood. The absence of materials with growth and remodelling potential is a limitation of currently used prosthetics in cardiovascular surgery, as well as their susceptibility to calcification. The field of tissue engineering has emerged as a regenerative medicine approach aiming to develop durable scaffolds possessing the ability to grow and remodel upon implantation into the defective hearts of babies and children with CHD. Though tissue engineering has produced several synthetic scaffolds, most of them failed to be successfully translated in this life-endangering clinical scenario, and currently, biological scaffolds are the most extensively used. This review aims to thoroughly summarise the existing biological scaffolds for the treatment of paediatric CHD, categorised as homografts and xenografts, and present the preclinical and clinical studies. Fixation as well as techniques of decellularisation will be reported, highlighting the importance of these approaches for the successful implantation of biological scaffolds that avoid prosthetic rejection. Additionally, cardiac scaffolds for paediatric CHD can be implanted as acellular prostheses, or recellularised before implantation, and cellularisation techniques will be extensively discussed.
ISSN:2306-5354
2306-5354
DOI:10.3390/bioengineering10010057