The Expression and Function of the Small Nonstructural Proteins of Adeno-Associated Viruses (AAVs)

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are small, non-enveloped viruses that package a single-stranded (ss)DNA genome of 4.7 kilobases (kb) within their T = 1 icosahedral capsid. AAVs are replication-deficient viruses that require a helper virus to complete their life cycle. Recombinant (r)AAVs have been u...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Viruses 2024-07, Vol.16 (8), p.1215
Main Authors: Kuz, Cagla Aksu, McFarlin, Shane, Qiu, Jianming
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
AAV
Adenoviruses
Animals
assembly-activating protein (AAP)
capsid assembly
Clinical trials
Dependovirus - genetics
DNA viruses
Expression vectors
Gene expression
Gene therapy
Gene transfer
Genetic engineering
Genetic Therapy - methods
Genetic Vectors - genetics
Genome, Viral
Genomes
Heparan sulfate
Humans
membrane-associated accessory protein (MAAP)
Nonstructural proteins
Proteins
Replication
Review
Serotypes
Single-stranded DNA
Viral Nonstructural Proteins - genetics
Viral Nonstructural Proteins - metabolism
virus egress
Virus Replication
Viruses
VP1 protein
VP3 protein
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Summary:Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are small, non-enveloped viruses that package a single-stranded (ss)DNA genome of 4.7 kilobases (kb) within their T = 1 icosahedral capsid. AAVs are replication-deficient viruses that require a helper virus to complete their life cycle. Recombinant (r)AAVs have been utilized as gene delivery vectors for decades in gene therapy applications. So far, six rAAV-based gene medicines have been approved by the US FDA. The 4.7 kb ssDNA genome of AAV encodes nine proteins, including three viral structural/capsid proteins, VP1, VP2, and VP3; four large nonstructural proteins (replication-related proteins), Rep78/68 and Rep52/40; and two small nonstructural proteins. The two nonstructured proteins are viral accessory proteins, namely the assembly associated protein (AAP) and membrane-associated accessory protein (MAAP). Although the accessory proteins are conserved within AAV serotypes, their functions are largely obscure. In this review, we focus on the expression strategy and functional properties of the small nonstructural proteins of AAVs.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v16081215