Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Lutein from Scenedesmus almeriensis

Lutein has several benefits for human health, playing an important role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, amelioration of the first stages of atherosclerosis, and some types of cancer. In this work, the microalga was used as a natural source for the supercritica...

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Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2019-04, Vol.24 (7), p.1324
Main Authors: Mehariya, Sanjeet, Iovine, Angela, Di Sanzo, Giuseppe, Larocca, Vincenzo, Martino, Maria, Leone, Gian Paolo, Casella, Patrizia, Karatza, Despina, Marino, Tiziana, Musmarra, Dino, Molino, Antonio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algae
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Biomass
Carbon dioxide
Carotenoids
Cataracts
Diatomaceous earth
Dietary supplements
Efficiency
fatty acids
Flow velocity
Food additives
Food industry
Food production
Lipids
Lutein
Macular degeneration
microalgae
Optimization
Pressure
Pretreatment
Purity
Ratios
recovery
Scenedesmus
Solvents
Supercritical fluids
Supercritical gas extraction
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Summary:Lutein has several benefits for human health, playing an important role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, amelioration of the first stages of atherosclerosis, and some types of cancer. In this work, the microalga was used as a natural source for the supercritical fluid (SF) extraction of lutein. For this purpose, the optimization of the main parameters affecting the extraction, such as biomass pre-treatment, temperature, pressure, and carbon dioxide (CO₂) flow rate, was performed. In the first stage, the effect of mechanical pre-treatment (diatomaceous earth (DE) and biomass mixing in the range 0.25-1 DE/biomass; grinding speed varying between 0 and 600 rpm, and pre-treatment time changing from 2.5 to 10 min), was evaluated on lutein extraction efficiency. In the second stage, the influence of SF-CO₂ extraction parameters such as pressure (25-55 MPa), temperature (50 and 65 °C), and CO₂ flow rate (7.24 and 14.48 g/min) on lutein recovery and purity was investigated. The results demonstrated that by increasing temperature, pressure, and CO₂ flow rate lutein recovery and purity were improved. The maximum lutein recovery (~98%) with purity of ~34% was achieved operating at 65 °C and 55 MPa with a CO₂ flow rate of 14.48 g/min. Therefore, optimum conditions could be useful in food industries for lutein supplementation in food products.
ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules24071324