Toward Precise Localization of Abnormal Brain Activity: 1D CNN on Single Voxel fMRI Time-Series

• Published in: Frontiers in computational neuroscience 2022-04, Vol.16, p.822237-822237
• Main Authors: Wu, Yun-Ying, Hu, Yun-Song, Wang, Jue, Zang, Yu-Feng, Zhang, Yu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 1D-CNN; Brain; Brain mapping; Cognition & reasoning; Cognitive ability; continuous task states; Design; fMRI; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Localization; Machine learning; Magnetic resonance imaging; Neural networks; Neuroimaging; Neuroscience; single-voxel analysis; wavelet transformation
• ISSN: 1662-5188; 1662-5188
• DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.822237

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the best techniques for precise localization of abnormal brain activity non-invasively. Machine-learning approaches have been widely used in neuroimaging studies; however, few studies have investigated the single-voxel modeling of fMRI data under cognitive tasks. We proposed a hybrid one-dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) based on the temporal dynamics of single-voxel fMRI time-series and successfully differentiated two continuous task states, namely, self-initiated (SI) and visually guided (VG) motor tasks. First, 25 activation peaks were identified from the contrast maps of SI and VG tasks in a blocked design. Then, the fMRI time-series of each peak voxel was transformed into a temporal-frequency domain by using continuous wavelet transform across a broader frequency range (0.003-0.313 Hz, with a step of 0.01 Hz). The transformed time-series was inputted into a 1D-CNN model for the binary classification of SI and VG continuous tasks. Compared with the univariate analysis, e.g., amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) at each frequency band, including, wavelet-ALFF, the 1D-CNN model highly outperformed wavelet-ALFF, with more efficient decoding models [46% of 800 models showing area under the curve (AUC) > 0.61] and higher decoding accuracies (94% of the efficient models), especially on the high-frequency bands (>0.1 Hz). Moreover, our results also demonstrated the advantages of wavelet decompositions over the original fMRI series by showing higher decoding performance on all peak voxels. Overall, this study suggests a great potential of single-voxel analysis using 1D-CNN and wavelet transformation of fMRI series with continuous, naturalistic, steady-state task design or resting-state design. It opens new avenues to precise localization of abnormal brain activity and fMRI-guided precision brain stimulation therapy.