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Inorganic carbon distribution and CO2 fluxes in a large European estuary (Tagus, Portugal)
Ten field cruises were carried out in Tagus estuary from 1999 to 2007 to study the dynamics of the inorganic carbon system. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) increased with salinity. DIC and TA were generally conservative in the estuarine mixing zone (salinity > 10), whil...
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| Published in: | Scientific reports 2017-08, Vol.7 (1), p.1-14, Article 7376 |
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| description | Ten field cruises were carried out in Tagus estuary from 1999 to 2007 to study the dynamics of the inorganic carbon system. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) increased with salinity. DIC and TA were generally conservative in the estuarine mixing zone (salinity > 10), while a complex distribution pattern was observed at the upper estuary. DIC values peaked 1786.9 ± 155.8 µmol kg
−1
at that segment. Estimated annual mean fluxes of DIC were 0.27 Tg C yr
−1
from the river to the estuary, and 0.37 Tg C yr
−1
from here to the coastal area. The Tagus estuary was always CO
2
supersaturated, with partial pressure of CO
2
(
p
CO
2
) reaching 9160 µatm in the upper estuary. An average emission of 0.11 Tg C yr
−1
was estimated from the estuary to the atmosphere, corresponding to 23% of exported DIC. Only 8% of the riverine DIC was ventilated. The non-conservative behaviour of CO
2
parameters in the estuary segment under freshwater influence was attributed to alternations in the relevance of riverine/terrestrial runoff, photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, organic matter mineralization and CaCO
3
precipitation/dissolution. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-017-06758-z |
| format | article |
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−1
at that segment. Estimated annual mean fluxes of DIC were 0.27 Tg C yr
−1
from the river to the estuary, and 0.37 Tg C yr
−1
from here to the coastal area. The Tagus estuary was always CO
2
supersaturated, with partial pressure of CO
2
(
p
CO
2
) reaching 9160 µatm in the upper estuary. An average emission of 0.11 Tg C yr
−1
was estimated from the estuary to the atmosphere, corresponding to 23% of exported DIC. Only 8% of the riverine DIC was ventilated. The non-conservative behaviour of CO
2
parameters in the estuary segment under freshwater influence was attributed to alternations in the relevance of riverine/terrestrial runoff, photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, organic matter mineralization and CaCO
3
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−1
at that segment. Estimated annual mean fluxes of DIC were 0.27 Tg C yr
−1
from the river to the estuary, and 0.37 Tg C yr
−1
from here to the coastal area. The Tagus estuary was always CO
2
supersaturated, with partial pressure of CO
2
(
p
CO
2
) reaching 9160 µatm in the upper estuary. An average emission of 0.11 Tg C yr
−1
was estimated from the estuary to the atmosphere, corresponding to 23% of exported DIC. Only 8% of the riverine DIC was ventilated. The non-conservative behaviour of CO
2
parameters in the estuary segment under freshwater influence was attributed to alternations in the relevance of riverine/terrestrial runoff, photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, organic matter mineralization and CaCO
3
precipitation/dissolution.</description><subject>704/106/829</subject><subject>704/172/169</subject><subject>Aerobic respiration</subject><subject>Alkalinity</subject><subject>Calcium carbonate</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Coastal zone</subject><subject>Dissolved inorganic carbon</subject><subject>Estuaries</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Mineralization</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Organic matter</subject><subject>Photosynthesis</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Runoff</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Salinity effects</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kk1rFTEUhgdRbKn9A64Cbio4ms9JshHk0uqFQl3UjZuQyceYy9zkmkyK9tebdoq0gtkk5-Q9Dycnb9e9RvA9gkR8KBQxKXqIeA8HzkR_-6w7xpCyHhOMnz86H3WnpexgWwxLiuTL7ggLLhgU8rj7vo0pTzoGA4zOY4rAhrLkMNYltEBHCzZXGPi5_nIFhJYBs86TA-c1p4PTEbiyVJ1_g7NrPdXyDnxNeamTnt--6l54PRd3-rCfdN8uzq83X_rLq8_bzafL3jDEl55AbqBlEPphxB4PlBppufViNIMkBiFoLNF2kNRTqO1IkDPOSGatGCjHnpx025Vrk96pQw771o5KOqj7RHue0nkJZnaKWufoiAc9Ok-FwEJ6I7znhjf2AFljfVxZhzrunTUuLlnPT6BPb2L4oaZ0oxijvP1LA5w9AHL6Wdts1D4U4-ZZR5dqUUhiTqCAaGjSN_9Id6nm2EbVVIyj1iCBTYVXlcmplOz832YQVHdOUKsTVHOCuneCum1FZC0qTRwnlx-h_1_1B1ivtbc</recordid><startdate>20170807</startdate><enddate>20170807</enddate><creator>Oliveira, A. 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P.</au><au>Cabeçadas, G.</au><au>Mateus, M. D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Inorganic carbon distribution and CO2 fluxes in a large European estuary (Tagus, Portugal)</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><date>2017-08-07</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>14</epage><pages>1-14</pages><artnum>7376</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>Ten field cruises were carried out in Tagus estuary from 1999 to 2007 to study the dynamics of the inorganic carbon system. Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) increased with salinity. DIC and TA were generally conservative in the estuarine mixing zone (salinity > 10), while a complex distribution pattern was observed at the upper estuary. DIC values peaked 1786.9 ± 155.8 µmol kg
−1
at that segment. Estimated annual mean fluxes of DIC were 0.27 Tg C yr
−1
from the river to the estuary, and 0.37 Tg C yr
−1
from here to the coastal area. The Tagus estuary was always CO
2
supersaturated, with partial pressure of CO
2
(
p
CO
2
) reaching 9160 µatm in the upper estuary. An average emission of 0.11 Tg C yr
−1
was estimated from the estuary to the atmosphere, corresponding to 23% of exported DIC. Only 8% of the riverine DIC was ventilated. The non-conservative behaviour of CO
2
parameters in the estuary segment under freshwater influence was attributed to alternations in the relevance of riverine/terrestrial runoff, photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, organic matter mineralization and CaCO
3
precipitation/dissolution.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>28785089</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-017-06758-z</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-6821</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry; Springer Nature - nature.com Journals - Fully Open Access |
| subjects | 704/106/829 704/172/169 Aerobic respiration Alkalinity Calcium carbonate Carbon Carbon dioxide Coastal zone Dissolved inorganic carbon Estuaries Humanities and Social Sciences Mineralization multidisciplinary Organic matter Photosynthesis Rivers Runoff Salinity Salinity effects Science Science (multidisciplinary) |
| title | Inorganic carbon distribution and CO2 fluxes in a large European estuary (Tagus, Portugal) |
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