Intelligent Dynamic Data Offloading in a Competitive Mobile Edge Computing Market

• Published in: Future internet 2019-05, Vol.11 (5), p.118
• Main Authors: Mitsis, Giorgos, Apostolopoulos, Pavlos Athanasios, Tsiropoulou, Eirini Eleni, Papavassiliou, Symeon
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Communication; Computation offloading; Computer simulation; data offloading; Edge computing; Energy consumption; Game theory; Internet of Things; Iterative methods; Learning; Mobile computing; mobile edge computing; Optimization; Pricing; reinforcement learning; Servers; software defined networks; Software-defined networking; stochastic learning automata; Traffic congestion; User satisfaction; Utility functions; Wireless networks; Workloads
• ISSN: 1999-5903; 1999-5903
• DOI: 10.3390/fi11050118

Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), capable of dynamically managing and satisfying the end-users computing demands, have emerged as key enabling technologies of 5G networks. In this paper, the joint problem of MEC server selection by the end-users and their optimal data offloading, as well as the optimal price setting by the MEC servers is studied in a multiple MEC servers and multiple end-users environment. The flexibility and programmability offered by the SDN technology enables the realistic implementation of the proposed framework. Initially, an SDN controller executes a reinforcement learning framework based on the theory of stochastic learning automata towards enabling the end-users to select a MEC server to offload their data. The discount offered by the MEC server, its congestion and its penetration in terms of serving end-users’ computing tasks, and its announced pricing for its computing services are considered in the overall MEC selection process. To determine the end-users’ data offloading portion to the selected MEC server, a non-cooperative game among the end-users of each server is formulated and the existence and uniqueness of the corresponding Nash Equilibrium is shown. An optimization problem of maximizing the MEC servers’ profit is formulated and solved to determine the MEC servers’ optimal pricing with respect to their offered computing services and the received offloaded data. To realize the proposed framework, an iterative and low-complexity algorithm is introduced and designed. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated through modeling and simulation under several scenarios, with both homogeneous and heterogeneous end-users.