Effect of Carotenoids from Phaeodactylum tricornutum on Palmitate-Treated HepG2 Cells

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2020-06, Vol.25 (12), p.2845-14
• Main Authors: Mayer, Claire, Côme, Martine, Blanckaert, Vincent, Chini Zittelli, Graziella, Faraloni, Cecilia, Nazih, Hassan, Ouguerram, Khadija, Mimouni, Virginie, Chénais, Benoît
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accumulation; Algae; Aquatic microorganisms; Biochemistry, Molecular Biology; carotenoid extract; Carotenoids; Carotenoids - chemistry; Carotenoids - pharmacology; Cholesterol; Cytotoxicity; Endocrinology and metabolism; Enzymes; Esterification; Esters; Fatty acids; Fatty liver; Food and Nutrition; Fucoxanthin; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects; Genes; Hep G2 Cells; Hepatocytes; Hepatocytes - metabolism; Hepatocytes - pathology; Human health and pathology; Humans; Life Sciences; lipid metabolism; Lipid Metabolism - drug effects; Lipids; Lipogenesis; Lipogenesis - drug effects; Lipophilic; Liver; Liver diseases; Medical treatment; Metabolism; Metabolites; Microalgae - chemistry; Molecular chains; n-3 LC-PUFA; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - drug therapy; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - metabolism; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - pathology; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; Palmitates - toxicity; Palmitic acid; Phaeodactylum tricornutum; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Sterols; Stramenopiles - chemistry; total lipophilic extract; Triglycerides
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122845

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represents the most common liver disease and is characterized by an excess of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, mainly stored as triglycerides. is a marine microalga, which is rich in bioactive molecules known to be hepatoprotective, such as -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and fucoxanthin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a carotenoid extract from in a cellular model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by palmitate treatment. The combined effects of carotenoids and lipids, especially -3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, were also investigated by using a total lipophilic extract. HepG2 cells were exposed for 24 h to 250 µM palmitate with or without the addition of carotenoid extract (6 μg/mL) or total lipophilic extract (100 μg/mL). The addition of carotenoid extract or total lipophilic extract prevented the accumulation of triglycerides, total cholesterol and cholesterol esters. The carotenoid extract and total lipophilic extract also decreased the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipogenesis ( , , and ) and cholesterol esterification ( / ). In addition, the total lipophilic extract also downregulated the and genes, which are involved in lipogenesis regulation. By contrast, the carotenoid extract increased the mRNA level of , a β-oxidation related gene, and reduced the lipid droplet accumulation. In conclusion, this study highlights the preventive effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease of the two microalga extracts.