Antifungal Potential of Carnosic Acid from Salvia somalensis against Phytopathogenic Fungi

The aims of the present study were (i) to characterize the dichloromethane extract of the fresh aerial parts of S. somalensis, cultivated in Liguria (Italy), (ii) to quantify carnosic acid production and (iii) to find an eco-friendly alternative approach to control diseases caused by phytopathogenic...

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Published in:Agronomy (Basel) 2024-07, Vol.14 (7), p.1444
Main Authors: Iobbi, Valeria, Lo Vetere, Marta, Lanteri, Anna Paola, Reinhardt, Jakob K., Danton, Ombeline, Keller, Morris, Hamburger, Matthias, Salis, Annalisa, Damonte, Gianluca, Potterat, Olivier, Bisio, Angela
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acid production
Acids
Active control
Antifungal activity
Biosynthesis
Botrytis cinerea
carnosic acid
Chromatography
Crop diseases
Crops
Dichloromethane
Disease control
Flowers & plants
Fruits
Fungi
Fungicides
Fusarium oxysporum
Grey mold
Metabolites
Microorganisms
Mold
Pathogens
Pesticides
Phytopathogenic fungi
plant disease
Plant diseases
Plant extracts
Plant resistance
Salvia somalensis
Salvia spp
Sensors
Sterols
Terpenes
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Summary:The aims of the present study were (i) to characterize the dichloromethane extract of the fresh aerial parts of S. somalensis, cultivated in Liguria (Italy), (ii) to quantify carnosic acid production and (iii) to find an eco-friendly alternative approach to control diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. The phytochemical investigation yielded several known terpenoids, as well as a diterpene, 4α,9α-epoxy-2H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-7(5H)-one, not previously described as a plant metabolite before. The results showed a noteworthy quantity of carnosic acid (113.90 µg/mg of dried extract). The potential antifungal activity of the plant surface extract and carnosic acid against five phytopathogenic fungi (Colletotrichum coccodes, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani) was considered. A complete inhibition of C. coccodes, S. sclerotiorum and R. solani mycelium growth was observed by carnosic acid at 500 µg/mL. High inhibition values were observed against B. cinerea and F. oxysporum compared to reference active ingredients. Four different B. cinerea strains exhibited a pronounced sensitivity to carnosic acid, as well as those originating from agricultural crop scenarios where a high load of active ingredient for gray mold control was historically adopted. Additionally, the formation and development of the germinative tube in B. cinerea were greatly slowed down.
ISSN:2073-4395
2073-4395
DOI:10.3390/agronomy14071444