Blood Glucose Response of a Low-Carbohydrate Oral Nutritional Supplement with Isomaltulose and Soluble Dietary Fiber in Individuals with Prediabetes: A Randomized, Single-Blind Crossover Trial

• Published in: Nutrients 2022-06, Vol.14 (12), p.2386
• Main Authors: Kokubo, Eri, Morita, Shunsuke, Nagashima, Hirotaka, Oshio, Kazutaka, Iwamoto, Hiroshi, Miyaji, Kazuhiro
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Blood; Blood & organ donations; Blood Glucose; Blood sugar; Carbohydrates; Clinical trials; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diet therapy; Dietary Fiber; Dietary supplements; Energy; Fiber in human nutrition; Glucose; Health aspects; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Ingestion; Insulin; Isomaltose - analogs & derivatives; isomaltulose; Low-carbohydrate diet; Older people; oral nutritional supplement; Postprandial Period; prediabetes; Prediabetic State; Single-Blind Method; Small intestine; Standard error; Testing; Testing laboratories; Values
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu14122386

A high-energy-type oral dietary supplement (ONS), with a low proportion of available carbohydrate (LC-ONS), which contains a slowly digestible carbohydrate, isomaltulose, and is fortified with soluble dietary fiber, was newly developed for individuals with diabetes or prediabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of LC-ONS on blood glucose levels after ingestion in individuals with prediabetes. A single-blind, randomized crossover clinical trial was performed on 20 individuals with prediabetes. After overnight fasting, all subjects ingested one serving (200 kcal/125 mL) of either LC-ONS (40% energy proportion of available carbohydrates) or standard ONS (ST-ONS, 54% energy proportion of available carbohydrates) on two separate days. The incremental area under the curve of blood glucose levels for 120 min was significantly lower after LC-ONS ingestion compared to ST-ONS (2207 ± 391 mg/dL·min (least mean square value ± standard error) and 3735 ± 391 mg/dL·min, respectively; p < 0.001). The LC-ONS showed significantly lower blood glucose levels than the ST-ONS at all time points, except at baseline. Similarly, the incremental area under the curve of plasma insulin was significantly lower after LC-ONS ingestion. These results suggest that LC-ONS is useful as an ONS for energy supply in individuals with postprandial hyperglycemia.