Assessment of Pain and Inflammation in Domestic Animals Using Infrared Thermography: A Narrative Review

Pain assessment in domestic animals has gained importance in recent years due to the recognition of the physiological, behavioral, and endocrine consequences of acute pain on animal production, welfare, and animal model validity. Current approaches to identifying acute pain mainly rely on behavioral...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Animals (Basel) 2023-06, Vol.13 (13), p.2065
Main Authors: Whittaker, Alexandra L, Muns, Ramon, Wang, Dehua, Martínez-Burnes, Julio, Hernández-Ávalos, Ismael, Casas-Alvarado, Alejandro, Domínguez-Oliva, Adriana, Mota-Rojas, Daniel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
analgesia
Animal behavior
Animal models
Animal production
Animals
Antigens
castration
Cytokines
Domestic animals
Heat
Histamine
Inflammation
inflammatory response
Infrared imaging
invasive procedures
Military electronics industry
Monitoring
Multidimensional methods
Nervous system
Neurobiology
Neurophysiology
Neurosciences
nociception
Pain
Pathogens
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Radiation
Review
Reviews
Spinal cord
surgery
Thermal imaging
Thermogenesis
Thermography
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:Pain assessment in domestic animals has gained importance in recent years due to the recognition of the physiological, behavioral, and endocrine consequences of acute pain on animal production, welfare, and animal model validity. Current approaches to identifying acute pain mainly rely on behavioral-based scales, quantifying pain-related biomarkers, and the use of devices monitoring sympathetic activity. Infrared thermography is an alternative that could be used to correlate the changes in the superficial temperature with other tools and thus be an additional or alternate acute pain assessment marker. Moreover, its non-invasiveness and the objective nature of its readout make it potentially very valuable. However, at the current time, it is not in widespread use as an assessment strategy. The present review discusses scientific evidence for infrared thermography as a tool to evaluate pain, limiting its use to monitor acute pain in pathological processes and invasive procedures, as well as its use for perioperative monitoring in domestic animals.
ISSN:2076-2615
2076-2615
DOI:10.3390/ani13132065