The Fear of War Scale (FOWARS): Development and Initial Validation

The emergence of the Ukraine-Russia war in 2022 led to fear, worry and anxiety among individuals, mostly in the immediate neighboring countries of Ukraine. The purpose of the present study was to develop the fear of war scale (FOWARS), aiming to fill the gap in the literature that currently is scarc...

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Published in:Social sciences (Basel) 2023-05, Vol.12 (5), p.283
Main Authors: Kalcza-Janosi, Kinga, Kotta, Ibolya, Marschalko, Eszter Eniko, Szabo, Kinga
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anxiety disorders
Collective behavior
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Emotions
experiential
Fear
Innovations
International relations
Mental disorders
Mental health
Nervous system
Nuclear war
physiological
Physiology
Psychological tests
Psychology
Social aspects
Stress
Testing
Threats
war
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Summary:The emergence of the Ukraine-Russia war in 2022 led to fear, worry and anxiety among individuals, mostly in the immediate neighboring countries of Ukraine. The purpose of the present study was to develop the fear of war scale (FOWARS), aiming to fill the gap in the literature that currently is scarce in valid assessment tools for measuring the fear of war. The sample of the study consisted of N = 1131 participants (n = 670 for group A, for EFA and n = 461 for group B, for CFA). Hungarian speaking participants, mainly from Romania and Hungary. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) evinced a two-factor model of the newly developed scale, and the final version fulfilled the criteria of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The 13-items FOWARS has robust psychometric properties and proves to be appropriate for a fear of war assessment in the general population. The phenomenon is measured by two factors, namely experiential and physiological dimensions of fear. The scale is available in the present paper in two languages: English and Hungarian.
ISSN:2076-0760
2076-0760
DOI:10.3390/socsci12050283