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A Long-Term Assessment of Nitrogen Removal Performance and Microecosystem Evolution in Bioretention Columns Modified with Sponge Iron
The nitrogen removal performance of bioretention urgently needs to be improved, and sponge iron has great potential to address this challenge. This study reported the results of a long-term investigation on bioretention columns improved by sponge iron, examining the durability of sponge iron from ni...
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| Published in: | Toxics (Basel) 2024-10, Vol.12 (10), p.727 |
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| container_title | Toxics (Basel) |
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| creator | Lin, Zizeng Shi, Qinghuan He, Qiumei |
| description | The nitrogen removal performance of bioretention urgently needs to be improved, and sponge iron has great potential to address this challenge. This study reported the results of a long-term investigation on bioretention columns improved by sponge iron, examining the durability of sponge iron from nitrogen removal performance, sponge iron properties, and the evolution of biological elements. The results showed that after 9 months of continuous operation, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen (NH
-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO
-N), and total nitrogen (TN) in the bioretention columns with an appropriate proportion of sponge iron could reach 80% (some even over 90%). However, the long-term stress of sponge iron exposure, combined with the cumulative effect of pollutants, might lead to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, thereby posing risks of diminished chlorophyll content and enzyme activity. Simultaneously, the extended exposure could also have detrimental effects on microbial diversity and the abundance of dominant bacteria such as
and
. Therefore, it is necessary to select plant species and functional genes that demonstrate high adaptability to iron-induced stress. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/toxics12100727 |
| format | article |
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-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO
-N), and total nitrogen (TN) in the bioretention columns with an appropriate proportion of sponge iron could reach 80% (some even over 90%). However, the long-term stress of sponge iron exposure, combined with the cumulative effect of pollutants, might lead to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, thereby posing risks of diminished chlorophyll content and enzyme activity. Simultaneously, the extended exposure could also have detrimental effects on microbial diversity and the abundance of dominant bacteria such as
and
. Therefore, it is necessary to select plant species and functional genes that demonstrate high adaptability to iron-induced stress.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2305-6304</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2305-6304</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100727</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39453147</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adaptability ; Adsorption ; Ammonia ; Bacteria ; Biological effects ; Biological evolution ; Biological properties ; bioretention ; Carbon ; Chemical oxygen demand ; Contamination ; Denitrification ; Efficiency ; Environmental aspects ; Enzymatic activity ; Enzyme activity ; Iron ; long-term operation ; microecosystem ; Microorganisms ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen removal ; Physiology ; Plant layout ; Plant species ; Pollutants ; Pollution effects ; Rain ; Rain gardens ; Reactive oxygen species ; Sponge iron</subject><ispartof>Toxics (Basel), 2024-10, Vol.12 (10), p.727</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-a794764e8de25024b5d9b1225b46cb0c5d76243a8bf47bbc852a8fafbda2bd493</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6636-2125</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3120722938/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3120722938?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,74998</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39453147$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lin, Zizeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Qinghuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Qiumei</creatorcontrib><title>A Long-Term Assessment of Nitrogen Removal Performance and Microecosystem Evolution in Bioretention Columns Modified with Sponge Iron</title><title>Toxics (Basel)</title><addtitle>Toxics</addtitle><description>The nitrogen removal performance of bioretention urgently needs to be improved, and sponge iron has great potential to address this challenge. This study reported the results of a long-term investigation on bioretention columns improved by sponge iron, examining the durability of sponge iron from nitrogen removal performance, sponge iron properties, and the evolution of biological elements. The results showed that after 9 months of continuous operation, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen (NH
-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO
-N), and total nitrogen (TN) in the bioretention columns with an appropriate proportion of sponge iron could reach 80% (some even over 90%). However, the long-term stress of sponge iron exposure, combined with the cumulative effect of pollutants, might lead to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, thereby posing risks of diminished chlorophyll content and enzyme activity. Simultaneously, the extended exposure could also have detrimental effects on microbial diversity and the abundance of dominant bacteria such as
and
. Therefore, it is necessary to select plant species and functional genes that demonstrate high adaptability to iron-induced stress.</description><subject>Adaptability</subject><subject>Adsorption</subject><subject>Ammonia</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Biological effects</subject><subject>Biological evolution</subject><subject>Biological properties</subject><subject>bioretention</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Chemical oxygen demand</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Denitrification</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Enzymatic activity</subject><subject>Enzyme activity</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>long-term operation</subject><subject>microecosystem</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Nitrates</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen removal</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Plant layout</subject><subject>Plant species</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pollution effects</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rain gardens</subject><subject>Reactive oxygen species</subject><subject>Sponge iron</subject><issn>2305-6304</issn><issn>2305-6304</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNptkk1vEzEQhlcIRKvSK0dkiQuXtP7e3RMKUaGRUkBQzpbXHqeOdu1gbwL9AfxvnLZUCap9sD3zzDua8VTVa4LPGGvx-Rh_e5MJJRjXtH5WHVOGxUQyzJ_v3Y-q05xXuKyWsEbKl9URa7lghNfH1Z8pWsSwnFxDGtA0Z8h5gDCi6NBnP6a4hIC-wRC3ukdfIbmYBh0MIB0suvImRTAx3-YRBnSxjf1m9DEgH9AHHxOMRWn3nhXHEDK6itY7Dxb98uMN-r4uiQHNUwyvqhdO9xlOH86T6sfHi-vZ5WTx5dN8Nl1MDGf1ONF1y2vJobFABaa8E7btCKWi49J02AhbS8qZbjrH664zjaC6cdp1VtPO8padVPN7XRv1Sq2TH3S6VVF7dWeIaal0Gr3pQXEnpaVCN1pgriVpSUmmae1a6Tihumi9v9dab7oBrCm1Jt0fiB56gr9Ry7hVhAhCOGmKwrsHhRR_biCPavDZQN_rAHGTFSMUS1zwHfr2P3QVNymUXt1RNaUt26OWulTgg4slsdmJqmlDSgslJaJQZ09QZVsYvIkBnC_2pwLKd-ecwD0WSbDaDaI6HMQS8Ga_NY_4v7FjfwFM7tpV</recordid><startdate>20241009</startdate><enddate>20241009</enddate><creator>Lin, Zizeng</creator><creator>Shi, Qinghuan</creator><creator>He, Qiumei</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6636-2125</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241009</creationdate><title>A Long-Term Assessment of Nitrogen Removal Performance and Microecosystem Evolution in Bioretention Columns Modified with Sponge Iron</title><author>Lin, Zizeng ; Shi, Qinghuan ; He, Qiumei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c437t-a794764e8de25024b5d9b1225b46cb0c5d76243a8bf47bbc852a8fafbda2bd493</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adaptability</topic><topic>Adsorption</topic><topic>Ammonia</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Biological effects</topic><topic>Biological evolution</topic><topic>Biological properties</topic><topic>bioretention</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Chemical oxygen demand</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Denitrification</topic><topic>Efficiency</topic><topic>Environmental aspects</topic><topic>Enzymatic activity</topic><topic>Enzyme activity</topic><topic>Iron</topic><topic>long-term operation</topic><topic>microecosystem</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Nitrates</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Nitrogen removal</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Plant layout</topic><topic>Plant species</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Pollution effects</topic><topic>Rain</topic><topic>Rain gardens</topic><topic>Reactive oxygen species</topic><topic>Sponge iron</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lin, Zizeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Qinghuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Qiumei</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest research library</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Toxics (Basel)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lin, Zizeng</au><au>Shi, Qinghuan</au><au>He, Qiumei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Long-Term Assessment of Nitrogen Removal Performance and Microecosystem Evolution in Bioretention Columns Modified with Sponge Iron</atitle><jtitle>Toxics (Basel)</jtitle><addtitle>Toxics</addtitle><date>2024-10-09</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>727</spage><pages>727-</pages><issn>2305-6304</issn><eissn>2305-6304</eissn><abstract>The nitrogen removal performance of bioretention urgently needs to be improved, and sponge iron has great potential to address this challenge. This study reported the results of a long-term investigation on bioretention columns improved by sponge iron, examining the durability of sponge iron from nitrogen removal performance, sponge iron properties, and the evolution of biological elements. The results showed that after 9 months of continuous operation, the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen (NH
-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO
-N), and total nitrogen (TN) in the bioretention columns with an appropriate proportion of sponge iron could reach 80% (some even over 90%). However, the long-term stress of sponge iron exposure, combined with the cumulative effect of pollutants, might lead to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, thereby posing risks of diminished chlorophyll content and enzyme activity. Simultaneously, the extended exposure could also have detrimental effects on microbial diversity and the abundance of dominant bacteria such as
and
. Therefore, it is necessary to select plant species and functional genes that demonstrate high adaptability to iron-induced stress.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>39453147</pmid><doi>10.3390/toxics12100727</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6636-2125</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Toxics (Basel), 2024-10, Vol.12 (10), p.727 |
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| source | Open Access: PubMed Central; Publicly Available Content (ProQuest) |
| subjects | Adaptability Adsorption Ammonia Bacteria Biological effects Biological evolution Biological properties bioretention Carbon Chemical oxygen demand Contamination Denitrification Efficiency Environmental aspects Enzymatic activity Enzyme activity Iron long-term operation microecosystem Microorganisms Nitrates Nitrogen Nitrogen removal Physiology Plant layout Plant species Pollutants Pollution effects Rain Rain gardens Reactive oxygen species Sponge iron |
| title | A Long-Term Assessment of Nitrogen Removal Performance and Microecosystem Evolution in Bioretention Columns Modified with Sponge Iron |
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