Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluations of Novel Thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) Receptor Antagonists as Potential Treatments for Stress Related Disorders and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2024-08, Vol.29 (15), p.3647
• Main Authors: Islam, Md Rabiul, Markatos, Christos, Pirmettis, Ioannis, Papadopoulos, Minas, Karageorgos, Vlasios, Liapakis, George, Fahmy, Hesham
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Addictive behaviors; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital - drug therapy; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital - metabolism; Androgens; antalarmin; Anxiety; Clinical trials; congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH); Congenital diseases; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone - metabolism; CRF receptor antagonists; Design; Drug Design; Hormones; Humans; Hyperplasia; Hypothalamus; Mental depression; Mental disorders; Molecular Docking Simulation; Physiology; Pituitary gland; Pyrimidines - chemical synthesis; Pyrimidines - chemistry; Pyrimidines - pharmacology; Pyrroles - chemical synthesis; Pyrroles - chemistry; Pyrroles - pharmacology; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone - antagonists & inhibitors; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone - metabolism; Stress; Stress, Psychological - drug therapy; thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidines
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153647

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a key neuropeptide hormone that is secreted from the hypothalamus. It is the master hormone of the HPA axis, which orchestrates the physiological and behavioral responses to stress. Many disorders, including anxiety, depression, addiction relapse, and others, are related to over-activation of this system. Thus, new molecules that may interfere with CRF receptor binding may be of value to treat neuropsychiatric stress-related disorders. Also, CRF R antagonists have recently emerged as potential treatment options for congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Previously, several series of CRF receptor antagonists were developed by our group. In continuation of our efforts in this direction, herein we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of CRF R antagonists. Representative compounds were evaluated for their binding affinities compared to antalarmin. Four compounds ( , , , and ) showed log IC values of -8.22, -7.95, -8.04, and -7.88, respectively, compared to -7.78 for antalarmin. This result indicates that these four compounds are superior to antalarmin by 2.5, 1.4, 1.7, and 1.25 times, respectively. It is worth mentioning that compound , in terms of IC , is among the best CRF R antagonists ever developed in the last 40 years. The in silico physicochemical properties of the lead compounds showed good drug-like properties. Thus, further research in this direction may lead to better and safer CRF receptor antagonists that may have clinical applications, particularly for stress-related disorders and the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.