Biodegradation of endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A by Pseudomonas putida strain YC-AE1 isolated from polluted soil, Guangdong, China

• Published in: BMC microbiology 2020-01, Vol.20 (1), p.11-14, Article 11
• Main Authors: Eltoukhy, Adel, Jia, Yang, Nahurira, Ruth, Abo-Kadoum, M A, Khokhar, Ibatsam, Wang, Junhuan, Yan, Yanchun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptability; Analysis of Variance; Bacteria; Benzhydryl Compounds - chemistry; Biodegradation; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bisphenol A; Chemical properties; China; Degradation pathway; Design optimization; Dibutyl phthalate; Diethyl phthalate; Dioctyl phthalate; DNA, Bacterial - genetics; DNA, Ribosomal - genetics; Endocrine disruptor; Endocrine disruptors; Environmental aspects; Environmental conditions; Environmental factors; Epoxy resins; Estrogens; Flame retardants; Food packaging; Gram-negative bacteria; High-performance liquid chromatography; Inoculum; Intermediates; Liquid chromatography; Methods; Optimization; Organic chemistry; Organs; Performance degradation; Phenols - chemistry; Phthalates; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Pollutants; Polycarbonate; Polymers; Propanol; Pseudomonas putida; Pseudomonas putida - classification; Pseudomonas putida - genetics; Pseudomonas putida - isolation & purification; Regression analysis; Reproductive organs; Response surface methodology; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; rRNA 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA - methods; Sodium chloride; Sodium Chloride - metabolism; Soil Microbiology; Soil pollution; Soils; Substrates; Variables; Variance analysis
• ISSN: 1471-2180; 1471-2180
• DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-1699-9

Bisphenol A is an important organic chemical as an intermediate, final and inert ingredient in manufacturing of many important products like polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, flame retardants, food-drink packaging coating, and other. BPA is an endocrine disruptor compound that mimics the function of estrogen causing damage to reproductive organs. Bacterial degradation has been consider as a cost effective and eco-friendly method for BPA degradation compared with physical and chemical methods. This study aimed to isolate and identify bacterial strain capable to degrade and tolerate high concentrations of this pollutant, studying the factors affecting the degradation process and study the degradation mechanism of this strain. YC-AE1 is a Gram negative bacterial strain isolated from soil and identified as Pseudomonas putida by 16S rRNA gene sequence and BIOLOG identification system. This strain found to have a high capacity to degrade the endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA). Response surface methodology using central composite design was used to statistically optimize the environmental factors during BPA degradation and the results obtained by significant model were 7.2, 30 °C and 2.5% for optimum initial pH, temperature and inoculum size, respectively. Prolonged incubation period with low NaCl concentration improve the biodegradation of BPA. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed high coefficient of determination, R and Adj-R which were 0.9979 and 0.9935, respectively. Substrate analysis found that, strain YC-AE1 could degrade a wide variety of bisphenol A-related pollutants such as bisphenol B, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, Dibutyl phthalate, Diethylhexyl phthalate and Diethyl phthalate in varying proportion. Pseudomonas putida YC-AE1 showed high ability to degrade a wide range of BPA concentrations (0.5-1000 mg l ) with completely degradation for 500 mg l within 72 h. Metabolic intermediates detected in this study by HPLC-MS were identified as 4,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene, p-hydroxybenzaldeyde, p-hydroxyacetophenone, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, 4-hydroxyphenacyl alcohol, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol, 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate. This study reports Pseudomonas putida YC-AE1 as BPA biodegrader with high performance in degradation and tolerance to high BPA concentration. It exhibited strong degradation capacity and prominent adaptability towards a wide range of environmental conditions. Moreover, it degr