Pupal cannibalism by worker honey bees contributes to the spread of deformed wing virus

Transmission routes impact pathogen virulence and genetics, therefore comprehensive knowledge of these routes and their contribution to pathogen circulation is essential for understanding host–pathogen interactions and designing control strategies. Deformed wing virus (DWV), a principal viral pathog...

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Published in:Scientific reports 2021-04, Vol.11 (1), p.8989-12, Article 8989
Main Authors: Posada-Florez, Francisco, Lamas, Zachary S., Hawthorne, David J., Chen, Yanping, Evans, Jay D., Ryabov, Eugene V.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
631/158/856
631/181/735
631/326/596
631/326/596/2561
631/326/596/2564
631/601/1466
704/158/2456
Animals
Apis mellifera
Bees
Bees - virology
Cannibalism
Disease transmission
Ectoparasites
Genetics
Honey
Host-pathogen interactions
Humanities and Social Sciences
Hygiene
Iflaviridae
Mites
multidisciplinary
Pathogens
Pupa - virology
Pupae
RNA Viruses - metabolism
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Trophallaxis
Varroa destructor
Varroidae - virology
Virulence
Viruses
Workers (insect caste)
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description Transmission routes impact pathogen virulence and genetics, therefore comprehensive knowledge of these routes and their contribution to pathogen circulation is essential for understanding host–pathogen interactions and designing control strategies. Deformed wing virus (DWV), a principal viral pathogen of honey bees associated with increased honey bee mortality and colony losses, became highly virulent with the spread of its vector, the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor . Reproduction of Varroa mites occurs in capped brood cells and mite-infested pupae from these cells usually have high levels of DWV. The removal of mite-infested pupae by worker bees, Varroa Sensitive Hygiene (VSH), leads to cannibalization of pupae with high DWV loads, thereby offering an alternative route for virus transmission. We used genetically tagged DWV to investigate virus transmission to and between worker bees following pupal cannibalisation under experimental conditions. We demonstrated that cannibalization of DWV-infected pupae resulted in high levels of this virus in worker bees and that the acquired virus was then transmitted between bees via trophallaxis, allowing circulation of Varroa -vectored DWV variants without the mites. Despite the known benefits of hygienic behaviour, it is possible that higher levels of VSH activity may result in increased transmission of DWV via cannibalism and trophallaxis.
doi_str_mv 10.1038/s41598-021-88649-y
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subjects 631/158/856
631/181/735
631/326/596
631/326/596/2561
631/326/596/2564
631/601/1466
704/158/2456
Animals
Apis mellifera
Bees
Bees - virology
Cannibalism
Disease transmission
Ectoparasites
Genetics
Honey
Host-pathogen interactions
Humanities and Social Sciences
Hygiene
Iflaviridae
Mites
multidisciplinary
Pathogens
Pupa - virology
Pupae
RNA Viruses - metabolism
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Trophallaxis
Varroa destructor
Varroidae - virology
Virulence
Viruses
Workers (insect caste)
title Pupal cannibalism by worker honey bees contributes to the spread of deformed wing virus
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