Acute clinical manifestations in toxic smoke inhalation victims: systematic review of observational studies

• Published in: Fisioterapia em movimento 2018-05, Vol.31
• Main Authors: Costa, Damiana Lima, Santos, Tamires Daros dos, Real, Amanda Albiero, Sbruzzi, Graciele, Pasqualoto, Adriane Schmidt, Albuquerque, Isabella Martins de
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cianuro de Hidrógeno; Lesión por Inhalación de Humo; Lesión Pulmonar; Monóxido de Carbono; ORTHOPEDICS; REHABILITATION
• ISSN: 1980-5918; 1980-5918
• DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.031.ao03

Abstract Introduction: Lung injuries from toxic smoke inhalation are the main causes of death in fire victims; however, information regarding the acute effects on the respiratory system after smoke inhalation and its constituents in closed environments are still scarce in literature. Objective: To investigate the acute clinical manifestations observed in victims of smoke inhalation during enclosed-space fires by means of systematic review. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Lilacs, Scopus and Web of Science. There were no appliedrestrictions in terms of thepublication date. In addition, a manual search was performed on the references of published studies. Observational studies assessing the prevalence of acute clinical manifestations in victims of toxic smoke inhalation in closed environments were included. Results: Of the 4,603 articles identified, eight were included, comprising a total of 233 patients. The signs and symptoms were identified and ranked according to frequency. Dyspnea (58.80%, six studies), carbonaceous sputum (54.51%, four studies), hoarseness (39.91%, three studies), wheezing (34.33%, five studies) and sore throat (33.90%, two studies) were the most frequent acute clinical manifestations of smoke inhalation. Besides these, chest pain and pulmonary edema were observed, respectively in 13.30%, 5.15% of the studies. Conclusion: The results suggest that dyspnea, carbonaceous sputum, hoarseness, wheezing and sore throat were the most frequent acute clinical manifestations in victims of smoke inhalation. Further studies of a higher level of evidence and greater methodological rigor are required. Resumo Introdução: As lesões pulmonares decorrentes da inalação de fumaça tóxica são as principais causas de morte em vítimas de incêndio; no entanto, informações a respeito das repercussões agudas no sistema respiratório decorrentes da inalação de fumaça e seus constituintes em ambientes fechados ainda são escassas na literatura. Objetivo: Investigar as manifestações clínicas agudas observadas em vítimas de inalação de fumaça tóxica em ambientes fechados através de uma revisão sistemática. Métodos: Uma pesquisa sistemática foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Lilacs, Scopus e Web of Science. Não houve restrições quanto ao ano de publicação. Além disso, realizou-se uma pesquisa em referências de estudos publicados. Foram incluídos estudos observacionais que avaliara