Obesity-compromised immunity in post-COVID-19 condition: a critical control point of chronicity

Post-COVID-19 condition is recognized as a multifactorial disorder, with persistent presence of viral antigens, discordant immunity, delayed viral clearance, and chronic inflammation. Obesity has emerged as an independent risk factor for both SARS-CoV-2 infection and its subsequent sequelae. In this...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Frontiers in immunology 2024-08, Vol.15, p.1433531
Main Authors: Jang, Soonwoo, Hong, Wooyoung, Moon, Yuseok
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose Tissue - immunology
Adipose Tissue - metabolism
Chronic Disease
COVID-19
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - immunology
Humans
immunity
Immunity, Humoral
Immunology
Inflammation - immunology
long COVID
obesity
Obesity - complications
Obesity - immunology
post COVID-19 condition
SARS-CoV-2
SARS-CoV-2 - immunology
SARS-CoV-2 - physiology
T-Lymphocytes - immunology
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Summary:Post-COVID-19 condition is recognized as a multifactorial disorder, with persistent presence of viral antigens, discordant immunity, delayed viral clearance, and chronic inflammation. Obesity has emerged as an independent risk factor for both SARS-CoV-2 infection and its subsequent sequelae. In this study, we aimed to predict the molecular mechanisms linking obesity and post-COVID-19 distress. Viral antigen-exposed adipose tissues display remarkable levels of viral receptors, facilitating viral entry, deposition, and chronic release of inflammatory mediators and cells in patients. Subsequently, obesity-associated inflammatory insults are predicted to disturb cellular and humoral immunity by triggering abnormal cell differentiation and lymphocyte exhaustion. In particular, the decline in SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers and T-cell exhaustion due to chronic inflammation may account for delayed virus clearance and persistent activation of inflammatory responses. Taken together, obesity-associated defective immunity is a critical control point of intervention against post-COVID-19 progression, particularly in subjects with chronic metabolic distress.
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1433531