Remediation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol from aqueous solution by raw and chemical modified date palm stone biomass: Kinetics and isotherms studies

Raw and citric acid chemically treated date palm stone agro-waste biomass (RDSB and CA-MDSB) powders were used to remove an important class of emerging industrial pollutants, i.e., 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) from aqueous solutions towards sustainable waste utilization to develop cost-effectiv...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Bioresources 2024-05, Vol.19 (2), p.3543-3570
Main Authors: Kumar, Nadavala Siva, Asif, Mohammad, Poulose, Anesh Manjaly, Al-Ghurabi, Ebrahim H., Alhamedi, Shaddad S., Koduru, Janardhan Reddy
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
Adsorbents
Adsorption
Agricultural wastes
Aqueous environments
Aqueous solutions
Biomass
Carbon
characterization
Chemical treatment
Chemicals
Citric acid
date palm stone
Energy consumption
Equilibrium
Heavy metals
Hydrogen
Industrial pollution
kinetics and isotherm modeling
Nitrogen
Particle size
Phenols
Pollutants
Remediation
Spectral analysis
Spectrum analysis
Stone
Trichlorophenol
Trichlorophenols
Waste utilization
Wastewater treatment
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Summary:Raw and citric acid chemically treated date palm stone agro-waste biomass (RDSB and CA-MDSB) powders were used to remove an important class of emerging industrial pollutants, i.e., 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) from aqueous solutions towards sustainable waste utilization to develop cost-effective technology for treating wastewater. The biomass characterization was performed by using different analytical techniques such as CHN elemental analysis, particle size, BET, FTIR, and SEM-EDX, TGA analysis. The FTIR spectral analysis revealed that the main chemical groups (N–C, O=C, H-O, H-C, and O–C) were involved in trapping 2,4,6-TCP. The highest adsorption was achieved with a contact time of 150 and 120 min, an initial concentration of 50-200 mg/L, and a biosorbent dosage ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 g/L RDSB and CA-MDSB, respectively. The experimental kinetic data of the adsorption process for both adsorbents (RDSB and CA-MDSB) fitted very well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir equilibrium data. The 2,4,6-TCP maximum monolayer adsorption capacities were 53.7, and 123.8 mg/g for RDSB and CA-MDSB, respectively. The present research confirms that the date palm stone biomass could be used as an effective and low-cost biosorbent for the remediation of 2,4,6-TCP from an aqueous environment.
ISSN:1930-2126
1930-2126
DOI:10.15376/biores.19.2.3543-3570