Development of a rodent high-energy blast injury model for investigating conditions associated with traumatic amputations

• Published in: Bone & joint research 2021-03, Vol.10 (3), p.166-172
• Main Authors: Kazezian, Zepur, Yu, Xiancheng, Ramette, Martin, Macdonald, Warren, Bull, Anthony M J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amputation; blast injuries; Bone Biology; cadaveric rodent model; Cadavers; Fractures; Hip; Injuries; Limbs; lower limb injury; Mechanical loading; Ossification (ectopic); Pressure; Radiography; Rodents; Tibia
• ISSN: 2046-3758; 2046-3758
• DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.103.BJR-2020-0367.R1

In recent conflicts, most injuries to the limbs are due to blasts resulting in a large number of lower limb amputations. These lead to heterotopic ossification (HO), phantom limb pain (PLP), and functional deficit. The mechanism of blast loading produces a combined fracture and amputation. Therefore, to study these conditions, in vivo models that replicate this combined effect are required. The aim of this study is to develop a preclinical model of blast-induced lower limb amputation. Cadaveric Sprague-Dawley rats' left hindlimbs were exposed to blast waves of 7 to 13 bar burst pressures and 7.76 ms to 12.68 ms positive duration using a shock tube. Radiographs and dissection were used to identify the injuries. Higher burst pressures of 13 and 12 bar caused multiple fractures at the hip, and the right and left limbs. Lowering the pressure to 10 bar eliminated hip fractures; however, the remaining fractures were not isolated to the left limb. Further reducing the pressure to 9 bar resulted in the desired isolated fracture of the left tibia with a dramatic reduction in the fractures to other sites. In this paper, a rodent blast injury model has been developed in the hindlimb of cadaveric rats that combines the blast and fracture in one insult, necessitating amputation. Experimental setup with 9 bar burst pressure and 9.13 ms positive duration created a fracture at the tibia with total reduction in non-targeted fractures, rendering 9 bar burst pressure suitable for translation to a survivable model to investigate blast injury-associated diseases. Cite this article:  2021;10(3):166-172.