Cytonemes, Their Formation, Regulation, and Roles in Signaling and Communication in Tumorigenesis

Increasing evidence during the past two decades shows that cells interconnect and communicate through cytonemes. These cytoskeleton-driven extensions of specialized membrane territories are involved in cell-cell signaling in development, patterning, and differentiation, but also in the maintenance o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2019-11, Vol.20 (22), p.5641
Main Authors: Casas-Tintó, Sergio, Portela, Marta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Actin Cytoskeleton - metabolism
Animals
Carcinogenesis - metabolism
Cell adhesion
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell Communication
Cell Surface Extensions - metabolism
cytonemes
dpp
Drosophila
Dynamin
egf
Epidermal growth factor
epithelial cells
Epithelial Cells - cytology
Epithelial Cells - metabolism
fgf
Fibroblast growth factors
Fibroblasts
Filopodia
glioblastoma
Growth factors
Hedgehog protein
Insects
Kinases
Ligands
Localization
Physiology
Proteins
Review
Signal Transduction
Spatial discrimination
Tumorigenesis
tumourgenesis
Wnt protein
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Summary:Increasing evidence during the past two decades shows that cells interconnect and communicate through cytonemes. These cytoskeleton-driven extensions of specialized membrane territories are involved in cell-cell signaling in development, patterning, and differentiation, but also in the maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis, tissue regeneration, and cancer. Brain tumor cells in glioblastoma extend ultralong membrane protrusions (named tumor microtubes, TMs), which contribute to invasion, proliferation, radioresistance, and tumor progression. Here we review the mechanisms underlying cytoneme formation, regulation, and their roles in cell signaling and communication in epithelial cells and other cell types. Furthermore, we discuss the recent discovery of glial cytonemes in the glial cells that alter Wingless (Wg)/Frizzled (Fz) signaling between glia and neurons. Research on cytoneme formation, maintenance, and cell signaling mechanisms will help to better understand not only physiological developmental processes and tissue homeostasis but also cancer progression.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms20225641