Association of serum vitamin D concentration with the final course of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19

• Published in: Frontiers in immunology 2023-09, Vol.14, p.1231813-1231813
• Main Authors: Konikowska, Klaudia, Kiliś-Pstrusińska, Katarzyna, Matera-Witkiewicz, Agnieszka, Kujawa, Krzysztof, Adamik, Barbara, Doroszko, Adrian, Kaliszewski, Krzysztof, Pomorski, Michał, Protasiewicz, Marcin, Sokołowski, Janusz, Madziarska, Katarzyna, Jankowska, Ewa Anita
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: COVID-19; Immunology; mortality; public health; SARS-CoV-2; vitamin D; vitamin D deficiency
• ISSN: 1664-3224; 1664-3224
• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231813

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is a substantial public health problem. The present study evaluated the association between vitamin D concentration and hospitalization and mortality risk in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). MethodsThis study used the COronavirus in LOwer Silesia (COLOS) dataset collected between February 2020 and June 2021. The medical records of 474 patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and whose vitamin D concentration was measured, were analyzed. ResultsWe determined a significant difference in vitamin D concentration between discharged patients and those who died during hospitalization (p = 0.0096). We also found an effect of vitamin D concentration on the risk of death in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. As vitamin D concentration increased, the odds ratio (OR) for death slightly decreased (OR = 0.978; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.540-0.669). The vitamin D concentration cutoff point was 15.40 ng/ml. In addition, patients with COVID-19 and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations < 30 ng/ml had a lower survival rate than those with serum 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/ml (log-rank test p = 0.0018). Moreover, a Cox regression model showed that patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and higher vitamin D concentrations had a 2.8% reduced risk of mortality (hazard ratio HR = 0.972; CI = 0.95-0,99; p = 0.0097). ConclusionsThe results indicate an association between 25(OH)D levels in patients with COVID-19 and the final course of hospitalization and risk of death.