Consuming High-Fat and Low-Fat Ground Beef Depresses High-Density and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations, and Reduces Small, Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Particle Abundance

• Published in: Nutrients 2023-01, Vol.15 (2), p.337
• Main Authors: Lytle, Jason R, Price, Tara, Crouse, Stephen F, Smith, Dana R, Walzem, Rosemary L, Smith, Stephen B
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abundance; Animals; Beef; Body mass; Body Mass Index; Body size; Carbohydrates; Cattle; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Clinical trials; Diet; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Food irradiation; ground beef consumption; High density; High density lipoprotein; Humans; Intervention; lipoprotein cholesterol; Lipoproteins; Low density lipoprotein; Low fat; Male; saturated fat intake; Triglycerides; Women
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu15020337

We hypothesized that consumption of high-fat (HF) ground beef (24% fat) would not affect plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), whereas low-fat (LF) ground beef (5% fat) would decrease HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations. In a randomized 2-period crossover, controlled feeding trial, 25 men (mean age and body mass index, 40 years and 31.2) consumed 115-g HF or LF patties, 5/week for 5 weeks with a 4-week washout. The HF treatment increased % energy from fat ( = 0.006) and saturated fat ( = 0.004) and tended ( = 0.060) to depress % energy from carbohydrates. The HF and LF treatments decreased the plasma concentrations of HDL-C ( = 0.001) and LDL-C ( = 0.011). Both ground beef treatments decreased the abundance of HDL and increased the abundance of HDL ( ≤ 0.003); the LF treatment also decreased the abundance of HDL and HDL ( ≤ 0.012). The HF and LF treatments decreased the abundance of LDL and LDL ( ≤ 0.024) and the HF treatment also decreased LDL ( = 0.041). Contrary to our hypothesis, the HF treatment decreased plasma HDL-C and LDL-C concentrations despite increased saturated fat intake, and both treatments decreased the abundance of smaller, denser LDL subfractions.