Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smoking (waterpipe and cigarette) and participants' BMI across various sociodemographic groups in Arab countries in the Mediterranean Region

Tobacco smokers are at high risk of developing severe COVID-19. Lockdown was a chosen strategy to deal with the spread of infectious diseases; nonetheless, it influenced people's eating and smoking behaviors. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown o...

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Published in:Tobacco induced diseases 2022-11, Vol.20 (November), p.98-16
Main Authors: Al Sabbah, Haleama, Assaf, Enas A, Taha, Zainab, Qasrawi, Radwan, Ismail, Leila Cheikh, Al Dhaheri, Ayesha S, Hoteit, Maha, Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub, Tayyem, Reema, Bawadi, Hiba, AlKhalaf, Majid, Bookari, Khlood, Kamel, Iman, Dashti, Somaia, Allehdan, Sabika, Waly, Mostafa, Al-Halawa, Diala Abu, Mansour, Rania, Ibrahim, Mohammed, Al-Mannai, Mariam
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arab countries
body mass index
cigarette smoking
covid-19
Research Paper
waterpipe smoking
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-667d9521d502f8366ebc8098400015954d3f36274f5618cfefa2e4c7db69b9333
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-667d9521d502f8366ebc8098400015954d3f36274f5618cfefa2e4c7db69b9333
container_end_page 16
container_issue November
container_start_page 98
container_title Tobacco induced diseases
container_volume 20
creator Al Sabbah, Haleama
Assaf, Enas A
Taha, Zainab
Qasrawi, Radwan
Ismail, Leila Cheikh
Al Dhaheri, Ayesha S
Hoteit, Maha
Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub
Tayyem, Reema
Bawadi, Hiba
AlKhalaf, Majid
Bookari, Khlood
Kamel, Iman
Dashti, Somaia
Allehdan, Sabika
Waly, Mostafa
Al-Halawa, Diala Abu
Mansour, Rania
Ibrahim, Mohammed
Al-Mannai, Mariam
description Tobacco smokers are at high risk of developing severe COVID-19. Lockdown was a chosen strategy to deal with the spread of infectious diseases; nonetheless, it influenced people's eating and smoking behaviors. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on smoking (waterpipe and cigarette) behavior and its associations with sociodemographic characteristics and body mass index. The data were derived from a large-scale retrospective cross-sectional study using a validated online international survey from 38 countries (n=37207) conducted between 17 April and 25 June 2020. The Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO-EMR countries) data related to 10 Arabic countries that participated in this survey have been selected for analysis in this study. A total of 12433 participants were included in the analysis of this study, reporting their smoking behavior and their BMI before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between smoking practices and the participant's country of origin, sociodemographic characteristics, and BMI (kg/m ). Overall, the prevalence rate of smoking decreased significantly during the lockdown from 29.8% to 23.5% (p
doi_str_mv 10.18332/tid/155007
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Lockdown was a chosen strategy to deal with the spread of infectious diseases; nonetheless, it influenced people's eating and smoking behaviors. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on smoking (waterpipe and cigarette) behavior and its associations with sociodemographic characteristics and body mass index. The data were derived from a large-scale retrospective cross-sectional study using a validated online international survey from 38 countries (n=37207) conducted between 17 April and 25 June 2020. The Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO-EMR countries) data related to 10 Arabic countries that participated in this survey have been selected for analysis in this study. A total of 12433 participants were included in the analysis of this study, reporting their smoking behavior and their BMI before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between smoking practices and the participant's country of origin, sociodemographic characteristics, and BMI (kg/m ). Overall, the prevalence rate of smoking decreased significantly during the lockdown from 29.8% to 23.5% (p&lt;0.05). The percentage of females who smoke was higher than males among the studied population. The highest smoking prevalence was found in Lebanon (33.2%), and the lowest was in Oman (7.9%). In Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia, the data showed a significant difference in the education level of smokers before and during the lockdown (p&lt;0.05). Smokers in Lebanon had lower education levels than those in other countries, where the majority of smokers had a Bachelor's degree. The findings show that the BMI rates in Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, and Saudi Arabia significantly increased during the lockdown (p&lt;0.05). The highest percentages of obesity among smokers before the lockdown were in Oman (33.3%), followed by Bahrain (28.4%) and Qatar (26.4%), whereas, during the lockdown, the percentage of obese smokers was highest in Bahrain (32.1%) followed by Qatar (31.3%) and Oman (25%). According to the logistic regression model, the odds ratio of smoking increased during the pandemic, whereas the odds ratio of TV watching decreased. This finding was statistically significant by age, gender, education level, country of residence, and work status. Although the overall rates of smoking among the studied countries decreased during the lockdown period, we cannot attribute this change in smoking behavior to the lockdown. Smoking cessation services need to anticipate that unexpected disruptions, such as pandemic lockdowns, may be associated with changes in daily tobacco consumption. Public health authorities should promote the adoption of healthy lifestyles to reduce the long-term negative effects of the lockdown.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1617-9625</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2070-7266</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1617-9625</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.18332/tid/155007</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36419782</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Greece: European Publishing on behalf of the International Society for the Prevention of Tobacco Induced Diseases (ISPTID)</publisher><subject>arab countries ; body mass index ; cigarette smoking ; covid-19 ; Research Paper ; waterpipe smoking</subject><ispartof>Tobacco induced diseases, 2022-11, Vol.20 (November), p.98-16</ispartof><rights>2022 Al Sabbah H. et al.</rights><rights>2022 Al Sabbah H. et al. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-667d9521d502f8366ebc8098400015954d3f36274f5618cfefa2e4c7db69b9333</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c447t-667d9521d502f8366ebc8098400015954d3f36274f5618cfefa2e4c7db69b9333</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1499-5646 ; 0000-0003-2624-7880 ; 0000-0002-3915-3755 ; 0000-0002-3080-1533 ; 0000-0003-3859-8143 ; 0000-0001-8671-7026 ; 0000-0001-7357-5823 ; 0000-0003-3048-7481 ; 0000-0002-1644-8761 ; 0000-0002-7634-3531 ; 0000-0001-5422-9781 ; 0000-0001-7319-2056 ; 0000-0002-4636-9626 ; 0000-0002-8084-7150 ; 0000-0001-7387-8277 ; 0000-0003-1640-0511 ; 0000-0002-3090-7020 ; 0000-0002-8197-3378 ; 0000-0001-7392-4835</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9650426/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9650426/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,37013,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36419782$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Al Sabbah, Haleama</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Assaf, Enas A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Taha, Zainab</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qasrawi, Radwan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ismail, Leila Cheikh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al Dhaheri, Ayesha S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoteit, Maha</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Jawaldeh, Ayoub</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tayyem, Reema</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bawadi, Hiba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>AlKhalaf, Majid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bookari, Khlood</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamel, Iman</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dashti, Somaia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allehdan, Sabika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waly, Mostafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Halawa, Diala Abu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mansour, Rania</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibrahim, Mohammed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Mannai, Mariam</creatorcontrib><title>Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smoking (waterpipe and cigarette) and participants' BMI across various sociodemographic groups in Arab countries in the Mediterranean Region</title><title>Tobacco induced diseases</title><addtitle>Tob Induc Dis</addtitle><description>Tobacco smokers are at high risk of developing severe COVID-19. Lockdown was a chosen strategy to deal with the spread of infectious diseases; nonetheless, it influenced people's eating and smoking behaviors. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on smoking (waterpipe and cigarette) behavior and its associations with sociodemographic characteristics and body mass index. The data were derived from a large-scale retrospective cross-sectional study using a validated online international survey from 38 countries (n=37207) conducted between 17 April and 25 June 2020. The Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO-EMR countries) data related to 10 Arabic countries that participated in this survey have been selected for analysis in this study. A total of 12433 participants were included in the analysis of this study, reporting their smoking behavior and their BMI before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between smoking practices and the participant's country of origin, sociodemographic characteristics, and BMI (kg/m ). Overall, the prevalence rate of smoking decreased significantly during the lockdown from 29.8% to 23.5% (p&lt;0.05). The percentage of females who smoke was higher than males among the studied population. The highest smoking prevalence was found in Lebanon (33.2%), and the lowest was in Oman (7.9%). In Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia, the data showed a significant difference in the education level of smokers before and during the lockdown (p&lt;0.05). Smokers in Lebanon had lower education levels than those in other countries, where the majority of smokers had a Bachelor's degree. The findings show that the BMI rates in Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, and Saudi Arabia significantly increased during the lockdown (p&lt;0.05). The highest percentages of obesity among smokers before the lockdown were in Oman (33.3%), followed by Bahrain (28.4%) and Qatar (26.4%), whereas, during the lockdown, the percentage of obese smokers was highest in Bahrain (32.1%) followed by Qatar (31.3%) and Oman (25%). According to the logistic regression model, the odds ratio of smoking increased during the pandemic, whereas the odds ratio of TV watching decreased. This finding was statistically significant by age, gender, education level, country of residence, and work status. Although the overall rates of smoking among the studied countries decreased during the lockdown period, we cannot attribute this change in smoking behavior to the lockdown. Smoking cessation services need to anticipate that unexpected disruptions, such as pandemic lockdowns, may be associated with changes in daily tobacco consumption. 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Lockdown was a chosen strategy to deal with the spread of infectious diseases; nonetheless, it influenced people's eating and smoking behaviors. The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on smoking (waterpipe and cigarette) behavior and its associations with sociodemographic characteristics and body mass index. The data were derived from a large-scale retrospective cross-sectional study using a validated online international survey from 38 countries (n=37207) conducted between 17 April and 25 June 2020. The Eastern Mediterranean Region (WHO-EMR countries) data related to 10 Arabic countries that participated in this survey have been selected for analysis in this study. A total of 12433 participants were included in the analysis of this study, reporting their smoking behavior and their BMI before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between smoking practices and the participant's country of origin, sociodemographic characteristics, and BMI (kg/m ). Overall, the prevalence rate of smoking decreased significantly during the lockdown from 29.8% to 23.5% (p&lt;0.05). The percentage of females who smoke was higher than males among the studied population. The highest smoking prevalence was found in Lebanon (33.2%), and the lowest was in Oman (7.9%). In Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia, the data showed a significant difference in the education level of smokers before and during the lockdown (p&lt;0.05). Smokers in Lebanon had lower education levels than those in other countries, where the majority of smokers had a Bachelor's degree. The findings show that the BMI rates in Jordan, Lebanon, Oman, and Saudi Arabia significantly increased during the lockdown (p&lt;0.05). The highest percentages of obesity among smokers before the lockdown were in Oman (33.3%), followed by Bahrain (28.4%) and Qatar (26.4%), whereas, during the lockdown, the percentage of obese smokers was highest in Bahrain (32.1%) followed by Qatar (31.3%) and Oman (25%). According to the logistic regression model, the odds ratio of smoking increased during the pandemic, whereas the odds ratio of TV watching decreased. This finding was statistically significant by age, gender, education level, country of residence, and work status. Although the overall rates of smoking among the studied countries decreased during the lockdown period, we cannot attribute this change in smoking behavior to the lockdown. Smoking cessation services need to anticipate that unexpected disruptions, such as pandemic lockdowns, may be associated with changes in daily tobacco consumption. Public health authorities should promote the adoption of healthy lifestyles to reduce the long-term negative effects of the lockdown.</abstract><cop>Greece</cop><pub>European Publishing on behalf of the International Society for the Prevention of Tobacco Induced Diseases (ISPTID)</pub><pmid>36419782</pmid><doi>10.18332/tid/155007</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1499-5646</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2624-7880</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-3755</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3080-1533</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3859-8143</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8671-7026</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7357-5823</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3048-7481</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-8761</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7634-3531</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5422-9781</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7319-2056</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4636-9626</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8084-7150</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-8277</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-0511</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3090-7020</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8197-3378</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7392-4835</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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identifier ISSN: 1617-9625
ispartof Tobacco induced diseases, 2022-11, Vol.20 (November), p.98-16
issn 1617-9625
2070-7266
1617-9625
language eng
recordid cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_526180abd21c4c498cf4f15ff464fdb2
source PubMed Central Free; Publicly Available Content Database
subjects arab countries
body mass index
cigarette smoking
covid-19
Research Paper
waterpipe smoking
title Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on smoking (waterpipe and cigarette) and participants' BMI across various sociodemographic groups in Arab countries in the Mediterranean Region
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