Functions of Breast Cancer Predisposition Genes: Implications for Clinical Management

Approximately 5–10% of all breast cancer (BC) cases are caused by germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in various cancer predisposition genes (CPGs). The most common contributors to hereditary BC are BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). ATM, BARD1, C...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-07, Vol.23 (13), p.7481
Main Authors: Yoshimura, Akiyo, Imoto, Issei, Iwata, Hiroji
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
BRCA
BRCA1 protein
BRCA2 protein
Breast cancer
cancer predisposition gene
cancer prevention
Cell cycle
Chromosomes
Disease prevention
DNA damage
DNA repair
function
Genes
Health risk assessment
hereditary breast cancer
Hormone replacement therapy
Ovarian cancer
Proteins
Public health
Review
Tumorigenesis
Womens health
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Summary:Approximately 5–10% of all breast cancer (BC) cases are caused by germline pathogenic variants (GPVs) in various cancer predisposition genes (CPGs). The most common contributors to hereditary BC are BRCA1 and BRCA2, which are associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). ATM, BARD1, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD51C, and RAD51D have also been recognized as CPGs with a high to moderate risk of BC. Primary and secondary cancer prevention strategies have been established for HBOC patients; however, optimal preventive strategies for most hereditary BCs have not yet been established. Most BC-associated CPGs participate in DNA damage repair pathways and cell cycle checkpoint mechanisms, and function jointly in such cascades; therefore, a fundamental understanding of the disease drivers in such cascades can facilitate the accurate estimation of the genetic risk of developing BC and the selection of appropriate preventive and therapeutic strategies to manage hereditary BCs. Herein, we review the functions of key BC-associated CPGs and strategies for the clinical management in individuals harboring the GPVs of such genes.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23137481