Advances in lead-free piezoelectric materials for sensors and actuators

Piezoelectrics have widespread use in today's sensor and actuator technologies. However, most commercially available piezoelectric materials, e.g., Pb [Zr(x)Ti(1-x)] O(3) (PZT), are comprised of more than 60 weight percent lead (Pb). Due to its harmful effects, there is a strong impetus to iden...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2010-03, Vol.10 (3), p.1935-1954
Main Authors: Aksel, Elena, Jones, Jacob L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Barium Compounds - chemistry
Bismuth - chemistry
Ceramics
Electrical Equipment and Supplies
electromechanical
ferroelectrics
Niobium - chemistry
Oxides - chemistry
piezoelectrics
Potassium - chemistry
Review
Sodium - chemistry
Static Electricity
Titanium - chemistry
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Summary:Piezoelectrics have widespread use in today's sensor and actuator technologies. However, most commercially available piezoelectric materials, e.g., Pb [Zr(x)Ti(1-x)] O(3) (PZT), are comprised of more than 60 weight percent lead (Pb). Due to its harmful effects, there is a strong impetus to identify new lead-free replacement materials with comparable properties to those of PZT. This review highlights recent developments in several lead-free piezoelectric materials including BaTiO(3), Na(0.5)Bi(0.5)TiO(3), K(0.5)Bi(0.5)TiO(3), Na(0.5)K(0.5)NbO(3), and their solid solutions. The factors that contribute to strong piezoelectric behavior are described and a summary of the properties for the various systems is provided.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s100301935