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Treatment of polyethylene microplastics degraded by ultraviolet light irradiation causes lysosome-deregulated cell death
Background Microplastics (MPs), plastic particles
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| Published in: | Scientific reports 2024-10, Vol.14 (1), p.24008-11, Article 24008 |
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| creator | Manabe, Sota Haga, Yuya Tsujino, Hirofumi Ikuno, Yudai Asahara, Haruyasu Higashisaka, Kazuma Tsutsumi, Yasuo |
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Microplastics (MPs), plastic particles |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-024-74800-y |
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Microplastics (MPs), plastic particles < 5 mm in size, are prevalent in the environment, and human exposure to them is inevitable. To assess the potential risk of MPs on human health, it is essential to consider the physicochemical properties of environmental MPs, including polymer types, size, shape, and surface chemical modifications. Notably, environmental MPs undergo degradation due to external factors such as ultraviolet (UV) rays and waves, leading to changes in their surface characteristics. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the health effects of MPs, with a specific focus on their surface degradation. This study concentrates on cytotoxic MPs with surface degradation through UV irradiation, aiming to identify the mechanisms underlying their cell toxicity.
Results
Polyethylene (PE) and surface-degraded PE achieved through UV light irradiation were employed as model MPs in this study. We explored the impact of PE and degraded PE on cell death in murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells and human monocyte cell line THP-1 cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that degraded PE induced programmed cell death without activating caspase 3, while non-degraded PE did not trigger programmed cell death. These findings suggest that degraded PE might induce programmed cell death through mechanisms other than caspase-driven apoptosis. To understand the mechanisms of cell death, we investigated how cells responded to degraded PE-induced cellular stress. Immunofluorescence and western blotting analyses demonstrated that degraded PE induced autophagosome formation and increased p62 expression, indicating inhibited autophagy flux after exposure to degraded PE. Furthermore, degraded PE exposure led to a decrease in acidic lysosomes, indicating lysosomal dysregulation. These results imply that degraded PE induces lysosomal dysfunction, subsequently causing autophagy dysregulation and cell death.
Conclusions
This study unveils that UV-induced degradation of PE results in cell death attributed to lysosomal dysfunction. The findings presented herein provide novel insights into the effects of surface-degraded MPs on biological responses.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74800-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39402130</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/80/82 ; 704/172/4081 ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis - drug effects ; Apoptosis - radiation effects ; Autophagy ; Autophagy - drug effects ; Autophagy - radiation effects ; Biodegradation ; Caspase-3 ; Cell death ; Cell Death - drug effects ; Cell Death - radiation effects ; Cell size ; Cellular stress response ; Cytotoxicity ; Environmental degradation ; Flow cytometry ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Humans ; Immunofluorescence ; Irradiation ; Lysosome dysregulation ; Lysosomes ; Lysosomes - drug effects ; Lysosomes - metabolism ; Macrophages ; Mice ; Microplastics ; Microplastics - toxicity ; Monocytes ; Mortality ; multidisciplinary ; Physicochemical properties ; Plastic pollution ; Polyethylene ; Polyethylene microplastics ; Polymers ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Surface degradation of microplastics ; THP-1 Cells ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects ; Western blotting</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2024-10, Vol.14 (1), p.24008-11, Article 24008</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c466t-2ee4afd267cf16e30756da1a3229d73129fd6d401d7936970fa421586c2575b13</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3116458568/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/3116458568?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,75126</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39402130$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Manabe, Sota</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haga, Yuya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsujino, Hirofumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikuno, Yudai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asahara, Haruyasu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Higashisaka, Kazuma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsutsumi, Yasuo</creatorcontrib><title>Treatment of polyethylene microplastics degraded by ultraviolet light irradiation causes lysosome-deregulated cell death</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Background
Microplastics (MPs), plastic particles < 5 mm in size, are prevalent in the environment, and human exposure to them is inevitable. To assess the potential risk of MPs on human health, it is essential to consider the physicochemical properties of environmental MPs, including polymer types, size, shape, and surface chemical modifications. Notably, environmental MPs undergo degradation due to external factors such as ultraviolet (UV) rays and waves, leading to changes in their surface characteristics. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the health effects of MPs, with a specific focus on their surface degradation. This study concentrates on cytotoxic MPs with surface degradation through UV irradiation, aiming to identify the mechanisms underlying their cell toxicity.
Results
Polyethylene (PE) and surface-degraded PE achieved through UV light irradiation were employed as model MPs in this study. We explored the impact of PE and degraded PE on cell death in murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells and human monocyte cell line THP-1 cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that degraded PE induced programmed cell death without activating caspase 3, while non-degraded PE did not trigger programmed cell death. These findings suggest that degraded PE might induce programmed cell death through mechanisms other than caspase-driven apoptosis. To understand the mechanisms of cell death, we investigated how cells responded to degraded PE-induced cellular stress. Immunofluorescence and western blotting analyses demonstrated that degraded PE induced autophagosome formation and increased p62 expression, indicating inhibited autophagy flux after exposure to degraded PE. Furthermore, degraded PE exposure led to a decrease in acidic lysosomes, indicating lysosomal dysregulation. These results imply that degraded PE induces lysosomal dysfunction, subsequently causing autophagy dysregulation and cell death.
Conclusions
This study unveils that UV-induced degradation of PE results in cell death attributed to lysosomal dysfunction. The findings presented herein provide novel insights into the effects of surface-degraded MPs on biological responses.</description><subject>631/80/82</subject><subject>704/172/4081</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Apoptosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Apoptosis - radiation effects</subject><subject>Autophagy</subject><subject>Autophagy - drug effects</subject><subject>Autophagy - radiation effects</subject><subject>Biodegradation</subject><subject>Caspase-3</subject><subject>Cell death</subject><subject>Cell Death - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell Death - radiation effects</subject><subject>Cell size</subject><subject>Cellular stress response</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Environmental degradation</subject><subject>Flow cytometry</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunofluorescence</subject><subject>Irradiation</subject><subject>Lysosome dysregulation</subject><subject>Lysosomes</subject><subject>Lysosomes - drug effects</subject><subject>Lysosomes - metabolism</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Microplastics</subject><subject>Microplastics - toxicity</subject><subject>Monocytes</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Physicochemical properties</subject><subject>Plastic pollution</subject><subject>Polyethylene</subject><subject>Polyethylene microplastics</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>RAW 264.7 Cells</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Surface degradation of microplastics</subject><subject>THP-1 Cells</subject><subject>Ultraviolet radiation</subject><subject>Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects</subject><subject>Western blotting</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>PIMPY</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kk1v1DAQhiMEolXpH-CAInHhEvC3kxNCFR-VKnEpZ2vWnmSzcuLFdiry7_HultJywBdbnncez4zfqnpNyXtKePshCSq7tiFMNFq0hDTrs-qcESEbxhl7_uh8Vl2mtCNlSdYJ2r2szngnCKOcnFe_biNCnnDOdejrffAr5u3qccZ6Gm0Mew8pjzbVDocIDl29WevF5wh3Y_CYaz8O21yPsQRHyGOYawtLwlT7NYUUJmwcRhwWD7kkW_S-oCBvX1UvevAJL-_3i-rHl8-3V9-am-9fr68-3TRWKJUbhiigd0xp21OFnGipHFAofXVOc8q63iknCHW646rTpAfBqGyVZVLLDeUX1fWJ6wLszD6OE8TVBBjN8SLEwUAsHXo0knOutJNcKSqUhRYk05QSIixIq2VhfTyx9stmQmfL1CL4J9CnkXncmiHcGUqF5i0_VPPunhDDzwVTNtOYDkOBGcOSDKdUKa1azYr07T_SXVjiXGZ1VAnZStUWFTupyl-lFLF_qIYSczCKORnFFKOYo1HMWpLePO7jIeWPLYqAnwSphOYB49-3_4P9DZWrysY</recordid><startdate>20241014</startdate><enddate>20241014</enddate><creator>Manabe, Sota</creator><creator>Haga, Yuya</creator><creator>Tsujino, Hirofumi</creator><creator>Ikuno, Yudai</creator><creator>Asahara, Haruyasu</creator><creator>Higashisaka, Kazuma</creator><creator>Tsutsumi, Yasuo</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><general>Nature Portfolio</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20241014</creationdate><title>Treatment of polyethylene microplastics degraded by ultraviolet light irradiation causes lysosome-deregulated cell death</title><author>Manabe, Sota ; Haga, Yuya ; Tsujino, Hirofumi ; Ikuno, Yudai ; Asahara, Haruyasu ; Higashisaka, Kazuma ; Tsutsumi, Yasuo</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c466t-2ee4afd267cf16e30756da1a3229d73129fd6d401d7936970fa421586c2575b13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>631/80/82</topic><topic>704/172/4081</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Apoptosis - drug effects</topic><topic>Apoptosis - radiation effects</topic><topic>Autophagy</topic><topic>Autophagy - drug effects</topic><topic>Autophagy - radiation effects</topic><topic>Biodegradation</topic><topic>Caspase-3</topic><topic>Cell death</topic><topic>Cell Death - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell Death - radiation effects</topic><topic>Cell size</topic><topic>Cellular stress response</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Environmental degradation</topic><topic>Flow cytometry</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunofluorescence</topic><topic>Irradiation</topic><topic>Lysosome dysregulation</topic><topic>Lysosomes</topic><topic>Lysosomes - drug effects</topic><topic>Lysosomes - metabolism</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Microplastics</topic><topic>Microplastics - toxicity</topic><topic>Monocytes</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Physicochemical properties</topic><topic>Plastic pollution</topic><topic>Polyethylene</topic><topic>Polyethylene microplastics</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>RAW 264.7 Cells</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Surface degradation of microplastics</topic><topic>THP-1 Cells</topic><topic>Ultraviolet radiation</topic><topic>Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects</topic><topic>Western blotting</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Manabe, Sota</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haga, Yuya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsujino, Hirofumi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikuno, Yudai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Asahara, Haruyasu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Higashisaka, Kazuma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsutsumi, Yasuo</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Manabe, Sota</au><au>Haga, Yuya</au><au>Tsujino, Hirofumi</au><au>Ikuno, Yudai</au><au>Asahara, Haruyasu</au><au>Higashisaka, Kazuma</au><au>Tsutsumi, Yasuo</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Treatment of polyethylene microplastics degraded by ultraviolet light irradiation causes lysosome-deregulated cell death</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2024-10-14</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>24008</spage><epage>11</epage><pages>24008-11</pages><artnum>24008</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>Background
Microplastics (MPs), plastic particles < 5 mm in size, are prevalent in the environment, and human exposure to them is inevitable. To assess the potential risk of MPs on human health, it is essential to consider the physicochemical properties of environmental MPs, including polymer types, size, shape, and surface chemical modifications. Notably, environmental MPs undergo degradation due to external factors such as ultraviolet (UV) rays and waves, leading to changes in their surface characteristics. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the health effects of MPs, with a specific focus on their surface degradation. This study concentrates on cytotoxic MPs with surface degradation through UV irradiation, aiming to identify the mechanisms underlying their cell toxicity.
Results
Polyethylene (PE) and surface-degraded PE achieved through UV light irradiation were employed as model MPs in this study. We explored the impact of PE and degraded PE on cell death in murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 cells and human monocyte cell line THP-1 cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that degraded PE induced programmed cell death without activating caspase 3, while non-degraded PE did not trigger programmed cell death. These findings suggest that degraded PE might induce programmed cell death through mechanisms other than caspase-driven apoptosis. To understand the mechanisms of cell death, we investigated how cells responded to degraded PE-induced cellular stress. Immunofluorescence and western blotting analyses demonstrated that degraded PE induced autophagosome formation and increased p62 expression, indicating inhibited autophagy flux after exposure to degraded PE. Furthermore, degraded PE exposure led to a decrease in acidic lysosomes, indicating lysosomal dysregulation. These results imply that degraded PE induces lysosomal dysfunction, subsequently causing autophagy dysregulation and cell death.
Conclusions
This study unveils that UV-induced degradation of PE results in cell death attributed to lysosomal dysfunction. The findings presented herein provide novel insights into the effects of surface-degraded MPs on biological responses.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>39402130</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-024-74800-y</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 631/80/82 704/172/4081 Animals Apoptosis Apoptosis - drug effects Apoptosis - radiation effects Autophagy Autophagy - drug effects Autophagy - radiation effects Biodegradation Caspase-3 Cell death Cell Death - drug effects Cell Death - radiation effects Cell size Cellular stress response Cytotoxicity Environmental degradation Flow cytometry Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Immunofluorescence Irradiation Lysosome dysregulation Lysosomes Lysosomes - drug effects Lysosomes - metabolism Macrophages Mice Microplastics Microplastics - toxicity Monocytes Mortality multidisciplinary Physicochemical properties Plastic pollution Polyethylene Polyethylene microplastics Polymers RAW 264.7 Cells Science Science (multidisciplinary) Surface degradation of microplastics THP-1 Cells Ultraviolet radiation Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects Western blotting |
| title | Treatment of polyethylene microplastics degraded by ultraviolet light irradiation causes lysosome-deregulated cell death |
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