Effect of Amaranthus on Advanced Glycation End-Products Induced Cytotoxicity and Proinflammatory Cytokine Gene Expression in SH-SY5Y Cells

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2015-09, Vol.20 (9), p.17288-17308
• Main Authors: Amornrit, Warisa, Santiyanont, Rachana
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: AGEs; Alzheimer's disease; Amaranthus; Amaranthus - chemistry; Antioxidants; Apoptosis - drug effects; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation - drug effects; Cell Survival - drug effects; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Cytotoxicity; Disease; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects; Glycation End Products, Advanced - pharmacology; Health sciences; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents - chemistry; Neuroprotective Agents - pharmacology; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Parkinson's disease; Plant Extracts - chemistry; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; proinflammatory cytokines; SH-SY5Y cells; Spinacia oleracea; Toxicity; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules200917288

Amaranthus plants, or spinach, are used extensively as a vegetable and are known to possess medicinal properties. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play a major role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) cause cell toxicity in the human neuronal cell line, SH-SY5Y, through an increase in oxidative stress, as shown by reducing cell viability and increasing cell toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. We found that preincubation of SH-SY5Y cells with either petroleum ether, dichloromethane or methanol extracts of A. lividus and A. tricolor dose-dependently attenuated the neuron toxicity caused by AGEs treatment. Moreover, the results showed that A. lividus and A. tricolor extracts significantly downregulated the gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6 genes in AGEs-induced cells. We concluded that A. lividus and A. tricolor extracts not only have a neuroprotective effect against AGEs toxicity, but also have anti-inflammatory activity by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. This suggests that Amaranthus may be useful for treating chronic inflammation associated with neurodegenerative disorders.