Novel inhalation therapy in pulmonary fibrosis: principles, applications and prospects

• Published in: Journal of nanobiotechnology 2024-03, Vol.22 (1), p.136-136, Article 136
• Main Authors: Zheng, Meiling, Zhu, Wei, Gao, Fei, Zhuo, Yu, Zheng, Mo, Wu, Guanghao, Feng, Cuiling
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Administration, Inhalation; Aerosol therapy; Aerosols; Antibiotics; Asthma; Asthma - drug therapy; Biological properties; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Drug delivery systems; Drug therapy; Drugs; Dry powder; Dyspnea; Fibroblasts; Fibrosis; Gene expression; Gene therapy; Herbal medicine; Humans; Inhalation; Inhalation therapy; Inhaled medication; Inhalers; Kinases; Lung diseases; Lung transplants; Microparticles; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Nebulization; Oxidative stress; Pathogenesis; Pharmaceutical research; Proteins; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - drug therapy; Pulmonary fibrosis; Pulmonary Fibrosis - drug therapy; Respiration; Respiratory Therapy; Traditional Chinese medicine; Vehicles; Viscosity
• ISSN: 1477-3155; 1477-3155
• DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02407-6

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) threatens millions of people worldwide with its irreversible progression. Although the underlying pathogenesis of PF is not fully understood, there is evidence to suggest that the disease can be blocked at various stages. Inhalation therapy has been applied for lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and its application for treating PF is currently under consideration. New techniques in inhalation therapy, such as the application of microparticles and nanoparticles, traditional Chinese medicine monomers, gene therapy, inhibitors, or agonists of signaling pathways, extracellular vesicle interventions, and other specific drugs, are effective in treating PF. However, the safety and effectiveness of these therapeutic techniques are influenced by the properties of inhaled particles, biological and pathological barriers, and the type of inhalation device used. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological, pharmaceutical, technical, preclinical, and clinical experimental aspects of novel inhalation therapy for treating PF and focus on therapeutic methods that significantly improve existing technologies or expand the range of drugs that can be administered via inhalation. Although inhalation therapy for PF has some limitations, the advantages are significant, and further research and innovation about new inhalation techniques and drugs are encouraged.