The challenges of the bioactive scaffolds in nervous system: From their molecular conformation to their therapeutic efficiency

• Published in: Neurology perspectives 2022-01, Vol.2, p.S3-S18
• Main Authors: Ramos-Zúñiga, R., Segura-Duran, I., González-Castañeda, R.E., González Rios, J.A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Andamio para ingeniería tisular; Bioactive compounds; Biomateriales; Biomaterials; Compuestos bioactivos; Células madre; Enfermedad del sistema nervioso; Medicina regenerativa; Nervous system disease; Regenerative medicine; Stem cells; Tissue engineering scaffold
• ISSN: 2667-0496; 2667-0496
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neurop.2021.07.007

Biomaterials are currently used in a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine, and to date, a large number of compounds have been designed as approach to different nervous system diseases. Bioactive materials contain biologically active compounds such as enzymes, ceramics, drugs, antibiotics, vitamins, growth factors or stem cells that when conjugated with nanoparticles can promote an active response in the host tissue. The present article carries out a systematic review and a critical analysis of the challenges that must be solved in the synthesis of biomaterials and in the evaluation of their therapeutic efficiency. The present systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and included studies from PubMed Databases, published between 1997 and 2020. The search resulted in a total of 55 articles eligible for critical analysis. The available literature show that bioactive materials should exhibit two key properties: 1.The chemical–physical characteristics that give rise to the binding between the polymer and the active compound (biocompatibility) and 2.The scaffolds with a biologically active component must have the desired effect on the target within the host tissue. The use of bioactive scaffolds is an innovative and personalised approach to many nervous system diseases. The use of new Bioengineering strategies had increased the potential use of these tools in order to resolve daily clinical problems. More studies will be required to assess the efficiency of these strategies in clinical trials and to solve the potential challenges between host and bioactive scaffold response. Los biomateriales tienen una gran aplicación en la medicina regenerativa y hasta la fecha se ha desarrollado una amplia variedad de compuestos para el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades del sistema nervioso. Los materiales bioactivos contienen compuestos biológicamente activos, como enzimas, cerámicas, fármacos, antibióticos, vitaminas, factores de crecimiento y células madre, los cuales, al combinarse con nanopartículas, son capaces de provocar una respuesta activa en el tejido del huésped. Presentamos una revisión sistemática y un análisis crítico de los retos de la síntesis de biomateriales y la evaluación de su efectividad terapéutica. Esta revisión sistemática sigue las recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA; analizamos estudios incluidos en la base de datos PubMed publicados entre 1997 y 2020. Un total de 55 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. S