Clauson-Kaas pyrrole synthesis using diverse catalysts: a transition from conventional to greener approach

Pyrrole is an important aromatic heterocyclic scaffold found in many natural products and predominantly used in pharmaceuticals. Continuous efforts are being made to design and synthesize various pyrrole derivatives using different synthetic procedures. Among them, the Clauson-Kaas reaction is a ver...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Beilstein journal of organic chemistry 2023, Vol.19 (1), p.928-955
Main Authors: Singh, Dileep Kumar, Kumar, Rajesh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran
Acids
Amines
Biological activity
catalyst
Catalysts
Chemistry
clauson–kaas pyrrole synthesis
Energy consumption
Global warming
Green chemistry
green synthesis
microwave-assisted reaction
n-substituted pyrrole
Natural products
Pharmaceutical industry
Pyrroles
Review
Solvents
Temperature
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Summary:Pyrrole is an important aromatic heterocyclic scaffold found in many natural products and predominantly used in pharmaceuticals. Continuous efforts are being made to design and synthesize various pyrrole derivatives using different synthetic procedures. Among them, the Clauson-Kaas reaction is a very old and well-known method for synthesizing a large number of N-substituted pyrroles. In recent years, due to global warming and environmental concern, research laboratories and pharmaceutical industries around the world are searching for more environmentally friendly reaction conditions for synthesizing compounds. As a result, this review describes the use of various eco-friendly greener protocols to synthesize N-substituted pyrroles. This synthesis involves the reaction of various aliphatic/aromatic primary amines, and sulfonyl primary amines with 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran in the presence of numerous acid catalysts and transition metal catalysts. The goal of this review is to summarize the synthesis of various N-substituted pyrrole derivatives using a modified Clauson-Kaas reaction under diverse conventional and greener reaction conditions.
ISSN:1860-5397
2195-951X
1860-5397
DOI:10.3762/bjoc.19.71