How do apathetic and depressive symptoms relate to functional capacity? A cross-sectional survey among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in Japan

Apathetic and depressive symptoms are frequently observed among older adults, and are risk factors for functional decline and dementia progression. However, how these symptoms influence functional capacity remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between apathetic and depressive sym...

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Published in:BMC public health 2024-11, Vol.24 (1), p.3171-8, Article 3171
Main Authors: Oba, Hikaru, Kanda, Akira, Ihara, Kazushige, Tanabu, Asano, Shimoda, Hiroshi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Activities of daily living
Adults
Age
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Apathy
Apathy - physiology
Behavior
Care and treatment
Cognitive ability
Correlation analysis
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dementia
Dementia disorders
Depression
Depression - epidemiology
Depression - psychology
Depression, Mental
Development and progression
Diagnosis
Emotional behavior
Emotional factors
Emotions
Female
Frailty
Functional capacity
Health aspects
Humans
Independent Living
Information management
Interaction
Japan
Life expectancy
Male
Mental depression
Middle age
Middle Aged
Older adults
Older people
Public health
Questionnaires
Risk factors
Social media
Surveys
Surveys and Questionnaires
Technology assessment
Variance analysis
Victims of crime
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Kanda, Akira
Ihara, Kazushige
Tanabu, Asano
Shimoda, Hiroshi
description Apathetic and depressive symptoms are frequently observed among older adults, and are risk factors for functional decline and dementia progression. However, how these symptoms influence functional capacity remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between apathetic and depressive symptoms and functional capacity, considering the interaction between apathetic and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey targeting community dwelling middle-aged or older adults was conducted. We sent a questionnaire to 984 individuals and received 320 responses. Data with missing values and participants aged under 50 were excluded, resulting in 212 participants (88 men and 124 women, mean age = 73.4 ± 9.3 years). Apathetic symptoms were evaluated using the Dimensional Apathy Scale (J-DAS), which comprises executive, emotional, and cognitive and behavioral initiation aspects of apathy. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Functional capacity was assessed using the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence, which comprises technology usage, information practice, life management, and social engagement. Mean score of each J-DAS factor and GDS was 5.3 ± 3.4 (executive), 12.0 ± 3.0 (emotional), 11.8 ± 5.1 (initiation), and 4.5 ± 3.3, respectively. The emotional and initiation aspects of J-DAS were significantly associated with information practice (β = -0.15, p 
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A cross-sectional survey among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in Japan</title><source>Open Access: PubMed Central</source><source>ProQuest - Publicly Available Content Database</source><creator>Oba, Hikaru ; Kanda, Akira ; Ihara, Kazushige ; Tanabu, Asano ; Shimoda, Hiroshi</creator><creatorcontrib>Oba, Hikaru ; Kanda, Akira ; Ihara, Kazushige ; Tanabu, Asano ; Shimoda, Hiroshi</creatorcontrib><description><![CDATA[Apathetic and depressive symptoms are frequently observed among older adults, and are risk factors for functional decline and dementia progression. However, how these symptoms influence functional capacity remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between apathetic and depressive symptoms and functional capacity, considering the interaction between apathetic and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey targeting community dwelling middle-aged or older adults was conducted. We sent a questionnaire to 984 individuals and received 320 responses. Data with missing values and participants aged under 50 were excluded, resulting in 212 participants (88 men and 124 women, mean age = 73.4 ± 9.3 years). Apathetic symptoms were evaluated using the Dimensional Apathy Scale (J-DAS), which comprises executive, emotional, and cognitive and behavioral initiation aspects of apathy. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Functional capacity was assessed using the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence, which comprises technology usage, information practice, life management, and social engagement. Mean score of each J-DAS factor and GDS was 5.3 ± 3.4 (executive), 12.0 ± 3.0 (emotional), 11.8 ± 5.1 (initiation), and 4.5 ± 3.3, respectively. The emotional and initiation aspects of J-DAS were significantly associated with information practice (β = -0.15, p < .05 for emotional; β = -0.27, p < .001 for initiation) and life management (β = -0.20, p < .01 for emotional; β = -0.22, p < .01 for initiation) in functional capacity. GDS was associated only with social engagement (β = -0.31, p < .001). Although the interaction between the initiation factor of J-DAS and GDS was significantly associated with life management (β = -0.16, p < .05), the R change was insignificant. The emotional factor of J-DAS was associated with technology usage (β = -0.13, p < .05), although less strongly than age. The executive factor of J-DAS had insignificant associations with all aspects of functional capacity. Apathetic and depressive symptoms are independently, rather than interactively, associated with different aspects of functional capacity. As older adults with apathetic or depressive symptoms might struggle to seek help from public health services, they should be targeted with active interventions from healthcare professionals.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1471-2458</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-2458</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19091-8</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39543583</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Activities of daily living ; Adults ; Age ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Apathy ; Apathy - physiology ; Behavior ; Care and treatment ; Cognitive ability ; Correlation analysis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dementia ; Dementia disorders ; Depression ; Depression - epidemiology ; Depression - psychology ; Depression, Mental ; Development and progression ; Diagnosis ; Emotional behavior ; Emotional factors ; Emotions ; Female ; Frailty ; Functional capacity ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Independent Living ; Information management ; Interaction ; Japan ; Life expectancy ; Male ; Mental depression ; Middle age ; Middle Aged ; Older adults ; Older people ; Public health ; Questionnaires ; Risk factors ; Social media ; Surveys ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Technology assessment ; Variance analysis ; Victims of crime</subject><ispartof>BMC public health, 2024-11, Vol.24 (1), p.3171-8, Article 3171</ispartof><rights>2024. 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A cross-sectional survey among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in Japan</atitle><jtitle>BMC public health</jtitle><addtitle>BMC Public Health</addtitle><date>2024-11-14</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>3171</spage><epage>8</epage><pages>3171-8</pages><artnum>3171</artnum><issn>1471-2458</issn><eissn>1471-2458</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[Apathetic and depressive symptoms are frequently observed among older adults, and are risk factors for functional decline and dementia progression. However, how these symptoms influence functional capacity remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between apathetic and depressive symptoms and functional capacity, considering the interaction between apathetic and depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey targeting community dwelling middle-aged or older adults was conducted. We sent a questionnaire to 984 individuals and received 320 responses. Data with missing values and participants aged under 50 were excluded, resulting in 212 participants (88 men and 124 women, mean age = 73.4 ± 9.3 years). Apathetic symptoms were evaluated using the Dimensional Apathy Scale (J-DAS), which comprises executive, emotional, and cognitive and behavioral initiation aspects of apathy. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Functional capacity was assessed using the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence, which comprises technology usage, information practice, life management, and social engagement. Mean score of each J-DAS factor and GDS was 5.3 ± 3.4 (executive), 12.0 ± 3.0 (emotional), 11.8 ± 5.1 (initiation), and 4.5 ± 3.3, respectively. The emotional and initiation aspects of J-DAS were significantly associated with information practice (β = -0.15, p < .05 for emotional; β = -0.27, p < .001 for initiation) and life management (β = -0.20, p < .01 for emotional; β = -0.22, p < .01 for initiation) in functional capacity. GDS was associated only with social engagement (β = -0.31, p < .001). Although the interaction between the initiation factor of J-DAS and GDS was significantly associated with life management (β = -0.16, p < .05), the R change was insignificant. The emotional factor of J-DAS was associated with technology usage (β = -0.13, p < .05), although less strongly than age. The executive factor of J-DAS had insignificant associations with all aspects of functional capacity. Apathetic and depressive symptoms are independently, rather than interactively, associated with different aspects of functional capacity. As older adults with apathetic or depressive symptoms might struggle to seek help from public health services, they should be targeted with active interventions from healthcare professionals.]]></abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>39543583</pmid><doi>10.1186/s12889-024-19091-8</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Activities of daily living
Adults
Age
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Apathy
Apathy - physiology
Behavior
Care and treatment
Cognitive ability
Correlation analysis
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dementia
Dementia disorders
Depression
Depression - epidemiology
Depression - psychology
Depression, Mental
Development and progression
Diagnosis
Emotional behavior
Emotional factors
Emotions
Female
Frailty
Functional capacity
Health aspects
Humans
Independent Living
Information management
Interaction
Japan
Life expectancy
Male
Mental depression
Middle age
Middle Aged
Older adults
Older people
Public health
Questionnaires
Risk factors
Social media
Surveys
Surveys and Questionnaires
Technology assessment
Variance analysis
Victims of crime
title How do apathetic and depressive symptoms relate to functional capacity? A cross-sectional survey among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in Japan
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