A Compact Fiber-Coupled NIR/MIR Laser Absorption Instrument for the Simultaneous Measurement of Gas-Phase Temperature and CO, CO2, and H2O Concentration

A fiber-coupled, compact, remotely operated laser absorption instrument is developed for CO, CO2, and H2O measurements in reactive flows at the elevated temperatures and pressures expected in gas turbine combustor test rigs with target pressures from 1–25 bar and temperatures of up to 2000 K. The op...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Switzerland), 2022-02, Vol.22 (3), p.1286
Main Authors: Shi, Lin, Endres, Torsten, Jeffries, Jay B., Dreier, Thomas, Schulz, Christof
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Absorption
Acoustic noise
Carbon dioxide
combined NIR/MIR laser absorption
Combustion chambers
Design
Exhaust gases
Fiber lasers
Gas temperature
Gas turbines
Gases
High temperature
Hydrocarbons
laser multiplexing in a mid-IR single-mode fiber
Lasers
Multiplexing
Noise
Noise levels
Optical fibers
Quantum cascade lasers
Sensors
simultaneous multispecies (CO, CO2, H2O) in situ measurements
Solid state lasers
Spectrum analysis
Turbines
Water vapor
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Summary:A fiber-coupled, compact, remotely operated laser absorption instrument is developed for CO, CO2, and H2O measurements in reactive flows at the elevated temperatures and pressures expected in gas turbine combustor test rigs with target pressures from 1–25 bar and temperatures of up to 2000 K. The optical engineering for solutions of the significant challenges from the ambient acoustic noise (~120 dB) and ambient test rig temperatures (60 °C) are discussed in detail. The sensor delivers wavelength-multiplexed light in a single optical fiber from a set of solid-state lasers ranging from diodes in the near-infrared (~1300 nm) to quantum cascade lasers in the mid-infrared (~4900 nm). Wavelength-multiplexing systems using a single optical fiber have not previously spanned such a wide range of laser wavelengths. Gas temperature is inferred from the ratio of two water vapor transitions. Here, the design of the sensor, the optical engineering required for simultaneous fiber delivery of a wide range of laser wavelengths on a single optical line-of-sight, the engineering required for sensor survival in the harsh ambient environment, and laboratory testing of sensor performance in the exhaust gas of a flat flame burner are presented.
ISSN:1424-8220
1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s22031286