Thematic Review Series: Glycerolipids. Acyltransferases in bacterial glycerophospholipid synthesis

Phospholipid biosynthesis is a vital facet of bacterial physiology that begins with the synthesis of the fatty acids by a soluble type II fatty acid synthase. The bacterial glycerol-phosphate acyltransferases utilize the completed fatty acid chains to form the first membrane phospholipid and thus pl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of lipid research 2008-09, Vol.49 (9), p.1867-1874
Main Authors: Zhang, Yong-Mei, Rock, Charles O.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase - metabolism
Acetyltransferases - genetics
Acetyltransferases - metabolism
acyl carrier protein
Acyl Carrier Protein - metabolism
acylphosphate
Acyltransferases - physiology
Bacteria - enzymology
Bacterial Proteins - genetics
Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
Escherichia coli Proteins - metabolism
Fatty Acid Synthase, Type II - metabolism
Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase - metabolism
Glycerophospholipids - biosynthesis
Phylogeny
Thematic Review
type II fatty acid synthase
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Summary:Phospholipid biosynthesis is a vital facet of bacterial physiology that begins with the synthesis of the fatty acids by a soluble type II fatty acid synthase. The bacterial glycerol-phosphate acyltransferases utilize the completed fatty acid chains to form the first membrane phospholipid and thus play a critical role in the regulation of membrane biogenesis. The first bacterial acyltransferase described was PlsB, a glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase. PlsB is a key regulatory point that coordinates membrane phospholipid formation with cell growth and macromolecular synthesis. Phosphatidic acid is then produced by PlsC, a 1-acylglycerol-phosphate acyltransferase. These two acyltransferases use thioesters of either CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP) as the acyl donors and have homologs that perform the same reactions in higher organisms. However, the most prevalent glycerol-phosphate acyltransferase in the bacterial world is PlsY, which uses a recently discovered acyl-phosphate fatty acid intermediate as an acyl donor. This unique activated fatty acid is formed from the acyl-ACP end products of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway by PlsX, an acyl-ACP:phosphate transacylase.
ISSN:0022-2275
1539-7262
DOI:10.1194/jlr.R800005-JLR200