Risk factors associated with albuminuria in Rwanda: results from a STEPS survey

• Published in: BMC nephrology 2021-11, Vol.22 (1), p.361-17, Article 361
• Main Authors: Tran Ngoc, Candide, Barango, Prebo, Harrison, Roger, Jones, Andrew, Shongwe, Steven Velabo, Tuyishime, Albert, Uwinkindi, François, Xu, Hongyi, Shoop-Worrall, Stephanie
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Age; Albuminuria; Albuminuria - epidemiology; Alcohol; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Cardiovascular diseases; Cholesterol; Chronic kidney failure; Complications and side effects; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data collection; Demographic aspects; Developing countries; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; Diagnosis; Disease; Epidemiology; Etiology; Female; Glucose; HIV; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney diseases; Laboratories; LDCs; Male; Middle Aged; Nephrology; Overweight; Population; Prevalence; Quality of life; Questionnaires; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - epidemiology; Risk Factors; Risk groups; Rwanda - epidemiology; Self Report; Surveillance; Tobacco; Urine; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1471-2369; 1471-2369
• DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02574-w

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing burden which affects every part of the world, including developing countries. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has varied etiology which can result from or complicate other NCDs such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The growing prevalence of NCDs coupled with the increasing age in most developing countries, has seen a marked increase of CKD in these settings. CKD has been described as "the most neglected NCD" and greatly affects the quality of life of patients. It also places a huge economic burden on societies. However, few epidemiological data exist, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Assessment of the prevalence of albuminuria as a marker of kidney damage and CKD progression and its main risk factors was thus needed in Rwanda. This study analyzed data collected during the first STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor Surveillance (STEPS) survey in Rwanda, conducted from 2012 to 2013, to assess the prevalence of albuminuria. A multistage cluster sampling allowed to select a representative sample of the general population. Furthermore, descriptive, as well as univariable analyses and multiple logistic regression were performed to respond to the research question. This survey brought a representative sample of 6,998 participants, among which 4,384 (62.65%) were female. Median age was 33 years (interquartile range, IQR 26-44), and over three quarters (78.45%) lived in rural areas. The albuminuria prevalence was 105.9 per 1,000 population. Overall, semi-urban and urban residency were associated with lower odds of CKD (odds ratio, OR 0.36, CI 0.23-0.56, p