Prognostic Significance of Hypokalemia on Length of Hospital Stay in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy

Background: Patients with cirrhosis may have either a chronic neuropsychiatric state due to portal-systematic shunting or have an acute episode with some precipitating factor labeled as hepatic encephalopathy. In patients with encephalopathy, hypokalemic alkalosis leads to an increase in the amount...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pakistan journal of medical research 2022-10, Vol.61 (3)
Main Authors: Daniyal Fahad, Shahbaz Haider, Sumera Tabassum, Faryal Khalid, Saima Mushtaque, Akhtar Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
frequency
hepatic encephalopathy
hospital stay
Hypokalemia
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by
cites
container_end_page
container_issue 3
container_start_page
container_title Pakistan journal of medical research
container_volume 61
creator Daniyal Fahad
Shahbaz Haider
Sumera Tabassum
Faryal Khalid
Saima Mushtaque
Akhtar Ali
description Background: Patients with cirrhosis may have either a chronic neuropsychiatric state due to portal-systematic shunting or have an acute episode with some precipitating factor labeled as hepatic encephalopathy. In patients with encephalopathy, hypokalemic alkalosis leads to an increase in the amount of nonionic ammonia that readily crosses the blood brain barrier and accumulates in the CNS that can worsen the disease. Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of hypokalemia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and to compare the length of the hospital stay in hepatic encephalopathy patients with and without hypokalemia. Study type, settings & duration: This cross sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from February to July 2021.   Methodology: The sample was calculated by using WHO sample size calculator at 95% confidence interval and absolute precision of 8% with anticipated population proportion of 35%. The sample was recruited by using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Hepatic encephalopathy was diagnosed on basis of clinical examination by West Haven Classification grades. Patients were diagnosed for hypokalemia by hospital lab as having potassium levels
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>doaj</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_5522e4bc34b343b9ada5442f5c440e35</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_5522e4bc34b343b9ada5442f5c440e35</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>oai_doaj_org_article_5522e4bc34b343b9ada5442f5c440e35</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_5522e4bc34b343b9ada5442f5c440e353</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqtzN1KAzEQBeBcKLTavsO8QCHmB-21VFbwolDvw2ya3Z2aZkISkH171-IjeDWcOYfvTqyl1HK3fzFqJR5qvUhpn5-UWQs6Fh4T10YeTjQmGshj8gF4gG7O_IUxXAmBE3yENLbpVnDN1DDCqeEMlOCIjUJqFb5pWXQh4693WJw8YeQlTvNG3A8Ya9j-3Ufx_nb4fO12Z8aLy4WuWGbHSO724DI6LAsTg7NWqWB6r02vje73eEZrjBqsN0YGbfV_Wj8Bg2Fe</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype></control><display><type>article</type><title>Prognostic Significance of Hypokalemia on Length of Hospital Stay in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy</title><source>Nexis UK</source><source>EZB Electronic Journals Library</source><creator>Daniyal Fahad ; Shahbaz Haider ; Sumera Tabassum ; Faryal Khalid ; Saima Mushtaque ; Akhtar Ali</creator><creatorcontrib>Daniyal Fahad ; Shahbaz Haider ; Sumera Tabassum ; Faryal Khalid ; Saima Mushtaque ; Akhtar Ali</creatorcontrib><description>Background: Patients with cirrhosis may have either a chronic neuropsychiatric state due to portal-systematic shunting or have an acute episode with some precipitating factor labeled as hepatic encephalopathy. In patients with encephalopathy, hypokalemic alkalosis leads to an increase in the amount of nonionic ammonia that readily crosses the blood brain barrier and accumulates in the CNS that can worsen the disease. Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of hypokalemia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and to compare the length of the hospital stay in hepatic encephalopathy patients with and without hypokalemia. Study type, settings &amp; duration: This cross sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from February to July 2021.   Methodology: The sample was calculated by using WHO sample size calculator at 95% confidence interval and absolute precision of 8% with anticipated population proportion of 35%. The sample was recruited by using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Hepatic encephalopathy was diagnosed on basis of clinical examination by West Haven Classification grades. Patients were diagnosed for hypokalemia by hospital lab as having potassium levels &lt;3.5 meq/L. The information was recorded on proformas and data was analyzed. Results: The mean serum potassium level was 3.49 ±0.51 mmol/L, frequency of hypokalemia was observed in 48 (35%) participants. The mean length of hospital stay was 5.86 ±1.18 days. There was no any association between hypokalemia and prolonged hospital stay (p-value =0.394). Conclusion: The frequency of hypokalemia was observed in 35% patients with hepatic encephalopathy. However, there ...</description><identifier>ISSN: 0030-9842</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Health (NIH)</publisher><subject>frequency ; hepatic encephalopathy ; hospital stay ; Hypokalemia</subject><ispartof>Pakistan journal of medical research, 2022-10, Vol.61 (3)</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Daniyal Fahad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahbaz Haider</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sumera Tabassum</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faryal Khalid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saima Mushtaque</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akhtar Ali</creatorcontrib><title>Prognostic Significance of Hypokalemia on Length of Hospital Stay in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy</title><title>Pakistan journal of medical research</title><description>Background: Patients with cirrhosis may have either a chronic neuropsychiatric state due to portal-systematic shunting or have an acute episode with some precipitating factor labeled as hepatic encephalopathy. In patients with encephalopathy, hypokalemic alkalosis leads to an increase in the amount of nonionic ammonia that readily crosses the blood brain barrier and accumulates in the CNS that can worsen the disease. Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of hypokalemia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and to compare the length of the hospital stay in hepatic encephalopathy patients with and without hypokalemia. Study type, settings &amp; duration: This cross sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from February to July 2021.   Methodology: The sample was calculated by using WHO sample size calculator at 95% confidence interval and absolute precision of 8% with anticipated population proportion of 35%. The sample was recruited by using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Hepatic encephalopathy was diagnosed on basis of clinical examination by West Haven Classification grades. Patients were diagnosed for hypokalemia by hospital lab as having potassium levels &lt;3.5 meq/L. The information was recorded on proformas and data was analyzed. Results: The mean serum potassium level was 3.49 ±0.51 mmol/L, frequency of hypokalemia was observed in 48 (35%) participants. The mean length of hospital stay was 5.86 ±1.18 days. There was no any association between hypokalemia and prolonged hospital stay (p-value =0.394). Conclusion: The frequency of hypokalemia was observed in 35% patients with hepatic encephalopathy. However, there ...</description><subject>frequency</subject><subject>hepatic encephalopathy</subject><subject>hospital stay</subject><subject>Hypokalemia</subject><issn>0030-9842</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqtzN1KAzEQBeBcKLTavsO8QCHmB-21VFbwolDvw2ya3Z2aZkISkH171-IjeDWcOYfvTqyl1HK3fzFqJR5qvUhpn5-UWQs6Fh4T10YeTjQmGshj8gF4gG7O_IUxXAmBE3yENLbpVnDN1DDCqeEMlOCIjUJqFb5pWXQh4693WJw8YeQlTvNG3A8Ya9j-3Ufx_nb4fO12Z8aLy4WuWGbHSO724DI6LAsTg7NWqWB6r02vje73eEZrjBqsN0YGbfV_Wj8Bg2Fe</recordid><startdate>20221001</startdate><enddate>20221001</enddate><creator>Daniyal Fahad</creator><creator>Shahbaz Haider</creator><creator>Sumera Tabassum</creator><creator>Faryal Khalid</creator><creator>Saima Mushtaque</creator><creator>Akhtar Ali</creator><general>Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Health (NIH)</general><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20221001</creationdate><title>Prognostic Significance of Hypokalemia on Length of Hospital Stay in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy</title><author>Daniyal Fahad ; Shahbaz Haider ; Sumera Tabassum ; Faryal Khalid ; Saima Mushtaque ; Akhtar Ali</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_5522e4bc34b343b9ada5442f5c440e353</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>frequency</topic><topic>hepatic encephalopathy</topic><topic>hospital stay</topic><topic>Hypokalemia</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Daniyal Fahad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shahbaz Haider</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sumera Tabassum</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Faryal Khalid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saima Mushtaque</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akhtar Ali</creatorcontrib><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Pakistan journal of medical research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Daniyal Fahad</au><au>Shahbaz Haider</au><au>Sumera Tabassum</au><au>Faryal Khalid</au><au>Saima Mushtaque</au><au>Akhtar Ali</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prognostic Significance of Hypokalemia on Length of Hospital Stay in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy</atitle><jtitle>Pakistan journal of medical research</jtitle><date>2022-10-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>61</volume><issue>3</issue><issn>0030-9842</issn><abstract>Background: Patients with cirrhosis may have either a chronic neuropsychiatric state due to portal-systematic shunting or have an acute episode with some precipitating factor labeled as hepatic encephalopathy. In patients with encephalopathy, hypokalemic alkalosis leads to an increase in the amount of nonionic ammonia that readily crosses the blood brain barrier and accumulates in the CNS that can worsen the disease. Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of hypokalemia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and to compare the length of the hospital stay in hepatic encephalopathy patients with and without hypokalemia. Study type, settings &amp; duration: This cross sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi from February to July 2021.   Methodology: The sample was calculated by using WHO sample size calculator at 95% confidence interval and absolute precision of 8% with anticipated population proportion of 35%. The sample was recruited by using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Hepatic encephalopathy was diagnosed on basis of clinical examination by West Haven Classification grades. Patients were diagnosed for hypokalemia by hospital lab as having potassium levels &lt;3.5 meq/L. The information was recorded on proformas and data was analyzed. Results: The mean serum potassium level was 3.49 ±0.51 mmol/L, frequency of hypokalemia was observed in 48 (35%) participants. The mean length of hospital stay was 5.86 ±1.18 days. There was no any association between hypokalemia and prolonged hospital stay (p-value =0.394). Conclusion: The frequency of hypokalemia was observed in 35% patients with hepatic encephalopathy. However, there ...</abstract><pub>Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Health (NIH)</pub><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0030-9842
ispartof Pakistan journal of medical research, 2022-10, Vol.61 (3)
issn 0030-9842
language eng
recordid cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_5522e4bc34b343b9ada5442f5c440e35
source Nexis UK; EZB Electronic Journals Library
subjects frequency
hepatic encephalopathy
hospital stay
Hypokalemia
title Prognostic Significance of Hypokalemia on Length of Hospital Stay in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-31T18%3A12%3A16IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-doaj&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prognostic%20Significance%20of%20Hypokalemia%20on%20Length%20of%20Hospital%20Stay%20in%20Patients%20with%20Hepatic%20Encephalopathy&rft.jtitle=Pakistan%20journal%20of%20medical%20research&rft.au=Daniyal%20Fahad&rft.date=2022-10-01&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.issn=0030-9842&rft_id=info:doi/&rft_dat=%3Cdoaj%3Eoai_doaj_org_article_5522e4bc34b343b9ada5442f5c440e35%3C/doaj%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_5522e4bc34b343b9ada5442f5c440e353%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true